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bring down disaster on

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1 bring down

transitive verb

1) herunterbringen

2) (shoot down out of the air) abschießen; herunterholen (ugs.)

3) (land) herunterbringen [Flugzeug, Drachen]

4) (kill, wound) zur Strecke bringen [Person, Tier]; erlegen [Tier]

5) (reduce) senken [Preise, Inflationsrate, Fieber]

6) (cause to fall) zu Fall bringen [Gegner, Fußballer]; (fig.) stürzen, zu Fall bringen [Regierung]; see also academic.ru/35814/house">house 1. 5)

* * *

(to cause to fall: The storm brought all the trees down.) stürzen

* * *

◆ bring down

vt

1. (fetch down)

▪ to \bring down down ⇆ sth/sb etw/jdn herunterbringen

2. (make fall over)

▪ to \bring down down ⇆ sb jdn zu Fall bringen

▪ to \bring down down ⇆ sth etw umstoßen

3. (shoot down)

to \bring down down a plane ein Flugzeug abschießen

4. (depose)

▪ to \bring down down ⇆ sb/sth jdn/etw zu Fall bringen

to \bring down down a government eine Regierung stürzen

5. (reduce)

▪ to \bring down down ⇆ sth etw senken [o herabsetzen]

to \bring down down inflation/prices die Inflation/Preise senken

6. (make depressed)

▪ to \bring down down ⇆ sb jdn deprimieren

7.

▶ to \bring down the house down einen Beifallssturm auslösen

▶ to \bring down sb down a peg [or two] jdm einen Dämpfer versetzen

* * *

vt sep

1) (out of air) (= shoot down) bird, plane herunterholen; (= land) plane, kite herunterbringen

to bring sb's wrath down ( up)on one — sich (dat) jds Zorn zuziehen

you'll bring the boss down on us — da werden wir es mit dem Chef zu tun bekommen

2) opponent, footballer zu Fall bringen; (by shooting) animal zur Strecke bringen; person niederschießen → house

See:

→ house

3) government etc zu Fall bringen

4) (= reduce) temperature, prices, cost of living senken; swelling reduzieren, zurückgehen lassen

* * *

bring down v/t

1. auch ein Flugzeug herunterbringen

2. JAGD Wild erlegen, schießen

3. FLUG, MIL ein Flugzeug abschießen, herunterholen

4. besonders Fußball: zu Fall bringen, legen sl

5. eine Regierung etc zu Fall bringen, stürzen

6. a) den Preis etc herabsetzen, senken:

bring down the price auch mit dem Preis heruntergehen

b) die Inflationsrate etc drücken

7. bring down sb’s anger ( oder fury, wrath) (up)on one’s head sich jemandes Zorn zuziehen; → disaster A 1

8. bring down the house umg

a) stürmischen Beifall auslösen,

b) Lachstürme entfesseln; → curtain A 4 a

* * *

transitive verb

1) herunterbringen

2) (shoot down out of the air) abschießen; herunterholen (ugs.)

3) (land) herunterbringen [Flugzeug, Drachen]

4) (kill, wound) zur Strecke bringen [Person, Tier]; erlegen [Tier]

5) (reduce) senken [Preise, Inflationsrate, Fieber]

6) (cause to fall) zu Fall bringen [Gegner, Fußballer]; (fig.) stürzen, zu Fall bringen [Regierung]; see also house 1. 5)

* * *

v.

abschießen v.

herunterbringen v.

English-german dictionary > bring down
2 disaster

noun

1) Katastrophe, die

air disaster — Flugzeugunglück, das

a railway/mining disaster — ein Eisenbahn-/Grubenunglück

end in disaster — in einer Katastrophe enden

2) (complete failure) Fiasko, das; Katastrophe, die

* * *

noun

(a terrible event, especially one that causes great damage, loss etc: The earthquake was the greatest disaster the country had ever experienced.) die Katastrophe

- academic.ru/20787/disastrous">disastrous
- disastrously
* * *

dis·as·ter

[dɪˈzɑ:stəʳ, AM -ˈzæstɚ]

n

1. (misfortune) Katastrophe f, Unglück nt, Desaster nt

air \disaster Flugzeugunglück nt, Flugzeugkatastrophe f

rail \disaster Eisenbahnunglück nt, Zugunglück nt

environmental \disaster Umweltkatastrophe f

natural/global \disaster Naturkatastrophe f/globale Katastrophe

2. no pl

everything was going smoothly until \disaster struck alles lief reibungslos, bis die Katastrophe ihren Lauf nahm

to avert \disaster eine Katastrophe abwenden

to spell \disaster for sth eine Katastrophe für etw akk bedeuten

3. ( fam: failure) Katastrophe f

the evening was a complete \disaster der Abend war der totale Reinfall

as a teacher, he was a \disaster als Lehrer war er absolut unfähig

* * *
[dɪ'zAːstə(r)]
n
Katastrophe f; (AVIAT, MIN, RAIL) Unglück nt, Katastrophe f; (= fiasco) Fiasko nt, Desaster nt
doomed to disaster — zum Untergang verdammt or verurteilt

See:

→ also recipe

* * *

disaster [dıˈzɑːstə; US dızˈæstər]

A s

1. Unglück n (to für), Unheil n, Verderben n:

bring down disaster on Unglück bringen über (akk)

2. Unglück n, Katastrophe f

3. Desaster n, Fiasko n:

end in disaster in einem Desaster enden

B adj Katastrophen…:

disaster film;

disaster area Katastrophen-, Notstandsgebiet n;

his private life is a disaster area sein Privatleben ist eine einzige Katastrophe;

disaster control Katastrophenbekämpfung f;

disaster unit (Katastrophen)Einsatzgruppe f

* * *

noun

1) Katastrophe, die

air disaster — Flugzeugunglück, das

a railway/mining disaster — ein Eisenbahn-/Grubenunglück

end in disaster — in einer Katastrophe enden

2) (complete failure) Fiasko, das; Katastrophe, die

* * *

n.

Katastrophe f.

Unglück -e n.

Unheil -e n.

English-german dictionary > disaster
3 bring

bring ( prét, pp brought)

A vtr

1 (convey, carry) apporter [present, powers, supplies, message, news, rain, destruction, change, happiness, consolation, hope] ; have you brought your camera? as-tu pris or apporté ton appareil-photo? ; wait and see what tomorrow brings attends de voir ce que demain nous apportera ; to bring sth with one apporter qch ; to bring sb flowers/a cake apporter des fleurs/un gâteau à qn ; the case has brought him publicity l'affaire lui a fait de la publicité ; to bring sb wealth/fame rendre qn riche/célèbre ; to bring sth to ( contribute) apporter qch à [school, work, area] ; it has brought prosperity to the region cela a rendu la région prospère ; to bring one's talents to sth apporter son talent à qch ; to bring one's experience to sth faire bénéficier qch de son expérience ; that brings the total to 100 cela fait un total de 100 ; to bring a smile to sb's face faire sourire qn ; to bring a blush to sb's cheeks faire rougir qn ; to bring sth to a halt arrêter qch ; to bring the conversation round ou around to amener la conversation à ; to bring sth into faire entrer qch dans [house, room] ; introduire qch dans [conversation, story] ; to bring sth into existence créer qch ; to bring sth upstairs monter qch ; the wind brought the tree down le vent a fait tomber l'arbre ; don't forget to bring it home n'oublie pas de le rapporter ; to bring shame/disgrace on sb attirer la honte/le déshonneur sur qn ; to bring sth on ou upon oneself attirer qch ; you brought it on yourself tu l'as cherché ; her remarks brought gasps of surprise from the audience ses propos ont provoqué l'étonnement dans le public ; his novel brought praise from the critics son roman lui a valu les louanges de la critique ;

2 ( come with) amener [friend, relative, dog] ; to bring sb with one amener qn (avec soi) ; to bring sb to amener qn à [wedding, party, office] ;

3 (lead, draw) the path brings you to the church le chemin te conduit jusqu'à l'église ; the Games brought people to the city les Jeux ont attiré du monde vers la ville ; the noise brought them to the window le bruit les a attirés à la fenêtre ; I brought him to the ground je l'ai fait tomber ; that brings me to the question of ceci m'amène à la question de ; to bring sb to himself/herself ramener qn à la réalité ; what brings you here? qu'est-ce qui t'amène? ; to bring sb to do sth faire faire qch à qn ; I couldn't bring him to accept je n'ai pas pu lui faire accepter ; to bring sb/a dog into the country faire entrer or introduire qn/un chien dans le pays ; to bring sb into the room faire entrer qn dans la pièce ; to bring sb into contact with sth faire connaître qch à qn ; to bring sb into contact with sb mettre qn en contact avec qn ; to bring sb home ( transport home) raccompagner qn, ramener qn ; ( to meet family) amener qn à la maison ;

4 TV, Radio the game will be brought to you live from Sydney le match sera retransmis en direct de Sydney ; modern technology brings the war into your living room la technologie moderne fait entrer la guerre jusque chez vous ; we bring you all the latest news on vous donne les dernières nouvelles ; ‘brought to you by Sudso Soap’ ‘qui vous est offert par Sudso Soap’

5 Jur, Admin to bring a case/a dispute before the court porter une affaire/un litige devant le tribunal ; to bring sb before the court faire comparaître qn devant le tribunal ; to bring a matter before the committee/a bill before parliament soumettre une question au comité/un projet de loi au parlement.

B v refl to bring oneself to do se décider à faire ; I couldn't bring myself to get up/to tell him je n'ai pas pu me lever/le lui dire.

Phrasal verbs

■ bring about:

▶ bring about [sth], bring [sth] about provoquer [change, reform, war, disaster, death] ; amener [settlement, reconciliation] ; entraîner [success, failure, defeat].

■ bring along:

▶ bring along [sth], bring [sth] along apporter [object] ;

▶ bring along [sb], bring [sb] along amener, venir avec [friend, partner].

■ bring back:

▶ bring back [sth], bring [sth] back

1 ( return with) rapporter [souvenir, gift] (from de) ; to bring sb back sth rapporter qch à qn ;

2 ( restore) redonner [colour, shine] ; to bring sb's memory/sight back rendre la mémoire/vue à qn ;

3 ( reintroduce) rétablir [currency, custom] ; restaurer [monarchy, democracy] ;

4 ( restore memory of) rappeler [night, time, occasion] ; seeing her brought it all back to me tout m'est revenu lorsque je l'ai vue ; to bring back memories ranimer des souvenirs ; to bring back memories of sth ranimer le souvenir de qch.

■ bring down:

▶ bring down [sth], bring [sth] down

1 ( cause collapse of) renverser [government, dictator] ;

2 ( reduce) réduire [inflation, unemployment, expenditure] ; faire baisser [rate, level, price, temperature] ; diminuer [cost of living, swelling] ;

3 ( shoot down) abattre [plane, grouse, tiger] ;

4 ( cause to hit) to bring [sth] down on sb/sth abattre [qch] sur qn/qch [cane, hammer] ; to bring sb's wrath down on sb littér ou hum attirer la colère de qn sur qn ;

▶ bring [sb] down ○ déprimer [person].

■ bring forth:

▶ bring forth [sth], bring [sth] forth

1 ( provoke) susciter [question, protest, scorn] ;

2 littér ( produce) produire [object, fruit, blossom] ; faire jaillir [water] ;

3 littér donner naissance à [child].

■ bring forward:

▶ bring forward [sth], bring [sth] forward

1 ( make sooner) avancer [meeting, wedding, election] (by de) ;

2 ( propose) avancer [proposals, plan] ; proposer [bill, amendment, motion] ;

3 Accts reporter [total, balance, deficit] ; balance brought forward: £354.90 report: £354.90 ;

4 ( bring in) présenter [witness, person].

■ bring in:

▶ bring in [sth] rapporter [amount, money, interest] ; introduire [custom] ;

▶ bring in [sth], bring [sth] in

1 ( introduce) introduire [legislation, measure, reference, new character] ;

2 Agric rentrer [crop, harvest] ; récolter [wheat, corn, fruit] ;

▶ bring in [sb], bring [sb] in

1 ( involve) faire appel à [consultant, expert, reinforcements, police, army] (from de ; as pour être) ; if I could bring in Mrs Cox at this point… j'aimerais faire intervenir Mme Cox sur ce point… ;

2 ( to police station) amener [qn] (au poste) [suspect] ; to be brought in for questioning être amené au poste pour être interrogé.

■ bring into:

▶ bring [sb] into faire participer [qn] à [conversation, organization] ; don't bring my mother into this! laisse ma mère en dehors de ça!

■ bring off:

▶ bring off [sth], bring [sth] off réussir [feat, performance] ; conclure [deal] ; décrocher [victory]

■ bring on:

▶ bring on [sth], bring [sth] on

1 ( provoke) provoquer [attack, migraine, fit, labour] ; être à l'origine de [bronchitis, rheumatism, pneumonia] ; what brought that on? ( to someone) qu'est-ce qui t'a pris? ;

2 ( encourage) accélérer la pousse de [plant, crop] ;

▶ bring on [sb], bring [sb] on

1 (to stage, field) faire entrer [dancer, substitute] ;

2 ( encourage) pousser [player, child].

■ bring out:

▶ bring out [sth], bring [sth] out

1 sortir [gun, handkerchief etc] ;

2 Comm sortir [edition, volume, new model] ;

3 ( highlight) faire ressortir [detail, colour, melody, flavour, meaning, instinct, spirit] ; to bring out the artist/the child in sb faire ressortir l'artiste/l'enfant en qn ;

▶ bring out [sb], bring [sb] out

1 ( draw out) faire parler [guest, interviewee] ;

2 ( on strike) mettre [qn] en grève [workers] ;

3 to bring sb out in spots donner des boutons à qn.

■ bring round:

▶ bring [sb] round

1 ( revive) faire revenir [qn] à soi ;

2 ( convince) convaincre ; to bring sb round to one's way of thinking amener qn à partager ses vues.

■ bring to = bring round.

■ bring together:

▶ bring together [sth/sb], bring [sth/sb] together

1 ( assemble) réunir [family, experts, sides, themes] ;

2 ( create bond between) rapprocher [couple, lovers, siblings] ; it brought us closer together cela nous a rapprochés.

■ bring up:

▶ bring up [sth], bring [sth] up

1 ( mention) aborder, parler de [question, subject] ;

2 ( vomit) vomir, rendre [food] ;

▶ bring up [sb], bring [sb] up élever ; to bring sb up to do apprendre à [qn] à faire ; to be brought up by sb/in China être élevé par qn/en Chine ; to be brought up as a Catholic recevoir une éducation catholique ; to be brought up on stories of war être nourri de récits de guerre ; it's the way I was brought up c'est comme ça que j'ai été élevé ; well/badly brought up bien/mal élevé.

Big English-French dictionary > bring
4 bring

briŋ
past tense, past participle - brought; verb

1) (to make (something or someone) come (to or towards a place): I'll bring plenty of food with me; Bring him to me!) traer, llevar

2) (to result in: This medicine will bring you relief.) proporcionar, provocar, dar, causar

•

- bring about
- bring back
- bring down
- bring home to
- bring off
- bring round
- bring up

bring vb traer

don't forget to bring your swimming costume no te olvides de traer el bañador

can I bring a friend? ¿puedo traer a un amigo?

El pasado y participio pasado de bring es brought

bring

tr[brɪŋ]

transitive verb (pt & pp brought tr[brɔːt])

1 traer

■ he brought his sister to the party trajo a su hermana a la fiesta

2 (lead) llevar, conducir

■ he was brought before the court fue llevado ante el tribunal

■ this path brings you to the church este camino te lleva a la iglesia

3 (be sold for) dar

■ the Van Gogh is expected to bring over four million se espera que el Van Gogh dé más de cuatro millones

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

brought forward SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL suma y sigue

to bring a charge against somebody SMALLLAW/SMALL acusar a alguien

to bring a complaint hacer una reclamación

to bring nearer / bring closer acercar

to bring nothing but trouble no hacer más que causar problemas

to bring oneself to do something armarse de suficiente valor para hacer algo

■ he couldn't bring himself to do it no pudo armarse de suficiente valor para hacerlo

to bring somebody to their senses hacer que alguien entre en razón

■ let's see if that brings you to your senses a ver si esto te hace entrar en razón

to bring something home to somebody hacer que alguien se dé cuenta de algo

to bring something into play poner algo en juego

to bring something on oneself buscárselo

to bring something to light sacar algo a la luz

to bring something to mind recordarle algo a alguien

■ it brings his last film to mind me recuerda su última película

to bring the house down SMALLTHEATRE/SMALL hacer desternillarse de risa al público

to bring to a conclusion llevar a una conclusión

to bring to bear ejercer

bring ['brɪŋ] vt, brought ['brɔt] ; bringing

1) carry: traer

bring me some coffee: tráigame un café

2) produce: traer, producir, conseguir

his efforts will bring him success: sus esfuerzos le conseguirán el éxito

3) persuade: convencer, persuadir

4) yield: rendir, alcanzar, venderse por

to bring a good price: alcanzar un precio alto

5)

to bring to an end : terminar (con)

6)

to bring to light : sacar a la luz

bring

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: brought) = llevar v.

• traer v.

(§pres: traigo, traes...) pret: traj-•)

brɪŋ
(past & past p brought) transitive verb

1)

a) (convey, carry) traer*

bring this to the kitchen — (AmE) lleva esto a la cocina

she's bringing Lucy with her — va a venir con Lucy, va a traer a Lucy

bring your passport with you — traiga el pasaporte

that brings me to my next point:... — esto me lleva a lo siguiente:...

bring the chair inside/outside — mete (dentro) or (AmL) entra/saca la silla

bring her in — hazla pasar or entrar

b) (attract, cause to come) atraer*

what brings you here? — ¿qué te trae por aquí?

2)

a) (result in, produce) traer*

it will bring enormous benefits — va a traer or reportar enormes beneficios

these benefits bring with them certain responsibilities — estas ventajas conllevan ciertas responsabilidades

you've brought so much happiness to those poor children — les has dado tanta alegría a esos pobres niños

to bring a smile to somebody's face — hacer* sonreír a alguien

it brought tears to my eyes — hizo que se me llenaran los ojos de lágrimas

to bring something to bear: to bring pressure to bear on somebody ejercer* presión sobre alguien; he brought his experience to bear on the problem — hizo uso de toda su experiencia para resolver el problema

b) ( persuade)

I couldn't bring myself to do it — no pude hacerlo

3) ( earn) \<\<profit/return\>\> dejar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- bring about

- bring along

- bring around

- bring back

- bring down

- bring forth

- bring forward

- bring home

- bring in

- bring off

- bring on

- bring out

- bring round

- bring together

- bring up

- bring upon

[brɪŋ]
(pt, pp brought) VT
1) [person, object] [+ news, luck etc] traer; [+ person] llevar, conducir

bring it over here — tráelo para acá

bring it closer — acércalo

to bring sth to an end — terminar con algo

to bring a matter to a conclusion — concluir un asunto, llevar un asunto a su desenlace

it brought us to the verge of disaster — nos llevó al borde del desastre

I was not brought into the matter at any stage — no me dieron voz en este asunto en ningún momento
book 1., 1)
2) (=cause) traer

the hot weather brings storms — el calor trae tormenta

to bring influence/pressure to bear (on) — ejercer influencia/presión (sobre)

you bring nothing but trouble — no haces más que causarme problemas

it brought tears to her eyes — hizo que se le llenaran los ojos de lágrimas

this brought him to his feet — esto hizo que se levantara

he brought it upon himself — se lo buscó él mismo

3) (Jur) [+ charge] hacer, formular; [+ suit] entablar

no charges will be brought — no se hará ninguna acusación

the case was brought before the judge — la causa fue vista por el juez

4) (=yield) [+ profit etc] dar, producir

to bring a good price — alcanzar un buen precio

5) (=induce)

to bring sb to do sth — hacer que algn haga algo

he was brought to see his error — le hicieron ver su error

it brought me to realize that... — me hizo comprender que...

he couldn't bring himself to tell her/touch it — no se sentía con el valor suficiente para decírselo/tocarlo

- bring about

- bring along

- bring around

- bring away

- bring back

- bring down

- bring forth

- bring forward

- bring in

- bring off

- bring on

- bring out

- bring over

- bring round

- bring to

- bring together

- bring under

- bring up

* * *
[brɪŋ]
(past & past p brought) transitive verb

1)

a) (convey, carry) traer*

bring this to the kitchen — (AmE) lleva esto a la cocina

she's bringing Lucy with her — va a venir con Lucy, va a traer a Lucy

bring your passport with you — traiga el pasaporte

that brings me to my next point:... — esto me lleva a lo siguiente:...

bring the chair inside/outside — mete (dentro) or (AmL) entra/saca la silla

bring her in — hazla pasar or entrar

b) (attract, cause to come) atraer*

what brings you here? — ¿qué te trae por aquí?

2)

a) (result in, produce) traer*

it will bring enormous benefits — va a traer or reportar enormes beneficios

these benefits bring with them certain responsibilities — estas ventajas conllevan ciertas responsabilidades

you've brought so much happiness to those poor children — les has dado tanta alegría a esos pobres niños

to bring a smile to somebody's face — hacer* sonreír a alguien

it brought tears to my eyes — hizo que se me llenaran los ojos de lágrimas

to bring something to bear: to bring pressure to bear on somebody ejercer* presión sobre alguien; he brought his experience to bear on the problem — hizo uso de toda su experiencia para resolver el problema

b) ( persuade)

I couldn't bring myself to do it — no pude hacerlo

3) ( earn) \<\<profit/return\>\> dejar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- bring about

- bring along

- bring around

- bring back

- bring down

- bring forth

- bring forward

- bring home

- bring in

- bring off

- bring on

- bring out

- bring round

- bring together

- bring up

- bring upon

English-spanish dictionary > bring
5 head

hed 1. noun
1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) hode

2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) hode, sinn, hjerne

3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) hodelengde

4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) (stats)overhode, hoved-, over-

5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) hode, øverste del

6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) kilde, utspring

7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) øverste del/trinn, (bord)ende

8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) fremste del, spiss

9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) hode

10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) rektor, skolestyrer

11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) pr. person/kuvert/snute

12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) nes, odde, pynt

13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) skum(hatt)
2. verb
1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) lede, stå øverst/fremst/først

2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) stå i spissen for

3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) sette kursen mot, gå (noe) i møte

4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) sette som overskrift

5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) heade, nikke, skalle

•

- - headed
- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head

forstand
--------
leder
--------
sjef
--------
tittel
--------
ånd

I
subst. \/hed\/

1) hode, skalle

• my head is full of

jeg har hodet fullt av

• get this into your head!

dette må du ha klart for deg!, få dette inn i hodet!

2) ( overført også) forstand, vett

• use your head!

3) ( overført også) liv

• it cost him his head

4) sjef, leder, direktør, overhode, hovedmann

• the head of the firm

• the head of the family

familiens overhode

5) rektor

6) ledelse, spiss, front, tet (også militærvesen)

7) person, individ

8) stykke

• twenty head of cattle

tjue krøtter

9) antall, bestand

• a large head of rabbits

• a large head of game

10) øverste del, topp, spiss, hode, kapittel, kapitél

• the head of a ladder

• the head of a lake

øverste delen av en innsjø

• she was at the head of the list

hun sto først\/øverst på listen

• the head of the table

hedersplassen, øverst ved bordet, ved bordenden

11) hodeende, hodegjerde

• the head of a bed

• bed's head

hodegjerde

12) kilde, utspring

• the head of a river

13) hode, krone

• the head of a nail \/ a hammer \/ an axe

• the head of a tree

14) ( golf) hode

15) forside (av mynt)

16) ( på hjortedyr) horn, krone

17) skum, skumhatt

• the head on a glass of beer

18) fløtelag (som legger seg oppå melk)

19) ( overført) høydepunkt, vendepunkt, krise

20) modenhet, (tiltagende) styrke\/kraft

21) rubrikk, overskrift, tittel

22) hovedpunkt, hovedavsnitt, moment, kapittel

• on this head

på dette punkt \/ i denne sak \/ i dette henseende

23) kategori

24) framdel, forreste del, fremre del, spiss

• the head of a plough

25) ( sjøfart) baug, forende, forstavn

26) ( brukes ofte i egennavn) odde, nes

• Beachy Head

27) ( teknikk) vanntrykk, fallhøyde, trykkhøyde

28) ( teknikk) stigerør, støpehode (om støping)

29) ( gruvedrift) stoll

30) ( musikk e.l.) hodetone, falsett

be at the head of something stå i spissen for noe

bang one's head against a brick\/stone wall ( overført) renne hodet\/pannen mot en mur

bite\/snap somebody's head off være forbannet på noen

bring a boil to a head ( overført) se ➢ boil, 2

bring matters to a head tvinge frem en avgjørelse, fremkalle en krise

by a head med et hode \/ en hodehøyde, med en hodelengde

• he is taller than Tom by a head

han er et hode høyere enn Tom

• win by a head

vinne med et hestehode

by the head and ears etter hårene umotivert

• drag in a subject by the head and ears

come into one's head slå en, falle en inn

• the idea came into my head

come\/draw\/gather\/grow to a head gå mot krise, tilspisse seg

crowned head kronet hode, monark

• the crowned heads of Europe

Europas kronede hoder

do it \/ work it out in one's head regne det ut i hodet

be down by the head ( om skip e.l.) ligge med baugen ned, synke med forskipet

drag in by the head and shoulders ta opp helt umotivert (i samtale)

eat one's head off ( hverdagslig) spise seg stappmett, lange i seg

enter one's head falle en inn

• it never entered my head

det falt meg aldri inn, jeg tenkte aldri på det

fall head over heels falle hodestups

fly head over heels fly hals over hode

from head to heel\/foot fra topp til tå, fra isse til fotsåle

gather head samle krefter, komme til krefter

get it into one's head få det for seg, få den idé

• whatever put that into your head?

hvordan kom du på den tanken\/idéen?

get\/put it out of your head! slå det fra deg!, glem det!, slå tanken ut av hodet!

get one's head down (britisk, hverdagslig) sovne (inn), legge seg konsentrere seg om (en oppgave)

give somebody head (vulgært, praktisere munnsex på) suge noen, sokke noen, slikke noen

give somebody his head ( overført) gi noen frie tøyler, gi noen frie hender, gi noen fritt spillerom

give the horse his head gi hesten frie tøyler\/tømmer

go off one's head bli gal

go to one's head gå til hodet på noen, gjøre noen innbilsk

• his success have gone to his head

( om alkohol) gi rusvirkning, gå til hodet på noen

• the whisky went to his head

have \/ not have a head for something ha\/mangle sans for noe, være flink\/dårlig til noe

• have a head for business

ha forretningssans\/forretningsteft

• he has a good\/poor head for figures

han er flink\/dårlig med tall

• he has a good head for liquor

han tåler mye brennevin

• I have no head for heights

jeg tåler ikke å være i høyden, jeg har lett for å bli svimmel i høyden

have an old head on young shoulders være moden for sin alder

have ones' head turned by sucess la suksessen gå en til hodet

be head and shoulders above rage høyt over

• he is head and shoulders above the rest

kollegaene når ham ikke til skulderen, han rager høyt over sine kollegaer

head and shoulders portrait portrett i halvfigur, brystbilde

head first\/foremost falle på hodet, falle på nesen, gå på hodet, gå på nesen

head of a cask bunn av en tønne \/ et fat

the head of a faculty ( universitet) dekan(us)

a head of flax linhår (om meget lyshåret barn), lyslugg

head of hair hår(vekst)

head of the river ( sport) best i kapproingen

head over heels eller over head and ears til opp over ørene

• she was head over heels in love

hun var opp over ørene forelsket

heads I win, tails you lose! ( spøkefullt) du har ikke en sjanse!

heads or tails? krone eller mynt?

heads will roll ( overført) hodene kommer til rulle

it gave me a head ( hverdagslig) jeg fikk hodepine\/tømmermenn av det

keep head against holde stand mot

keep one's head bevare fatningen, holde hodet kaldt

keep one's head above water holde hodet over vannet

laugh\/scream one's head off ( hverdagslig) le seg i hjel, le seg fordervet

lay\/put heads together stikke hodene sammen

lie head to foot\/tail ligge andføttes (dvs. med føttene vendt mot hverandre)

lose one's head miste hodet, miste livet, bli halshogget ( overført) miste hodet, miste fatningen, bli sint, bli hisssig

make\/gain head gå\/rykke frem, avansere, gjøre fremskritt

make head against gjøre motstand mot, sette seg tvert imot

make head upon få forsprang på

make something up out of one's own head finne på noe selv

not make head or tail of something ( hverdagslig) ikke begripe et kvekk av noe

off one's head ( hverdagslig) sprø, opprørt, opphisset

off the top of one's head ( hverdagslig) uforberedt, på stående fot

on one's head ( hverdagslig) som ingenting, som fot i hose, ingen sak

• I could do it on my head

on your own head be it! det må du ta på din egen kappe!, det må du stå til regnskap for!, det må du ta ansvaret for!

be out of one's head ( hverdagslig) være helt fra seg (av sinne)

over somebody's head ( overført) over noens forstand, over hodet på noen

• it is\/goes over my head

• talk over somebody's head

gå forbi noen, til fortrengsel for noen

• be promoted over the heads of one's colleagues

gjøre et hopp i karrieren

per head eller a head pr. person, pr. snute

• they paid £20 a head a

poor head dårlig forstand

pull one's head in ikke stikke nesen sin i, passe sine egne saker

put something into somebody's head innbille noen noe

put something out of somebody's head få noen til å gi opp tanken på noe, få noen fra noe

raise one's head ( overført) reise hodet (igjen), rette ryggen

roar one's head off le seg fordervet, le seg i hjel

shake one's head over something riste på hodet av noe

snap somebody' s head off eller snap somebody' s nose off ( overført) bite nesen av noen

stand at the head of the poll ha fått flest stemmer

take it into one's head få det for seg

talking head (amer., hverdagslig) forklaring: nyhetsoppleser eller annen person på TV som bare har hodet synlig på skjermen

• he's not just a talking head, he's a good journalist, too

han er ikke bare nyhetsoppleser, han er en god journalist også

talk somebody's head off ( hverdagslig) snakke hull i hodet på noen

turn head over heels slå kollbøtte, slå stift

turn someone's head gjøre noen svimmel gjøre noen innbilsk

two heads are better than one to hoder tenker bedre enn ett, det lønner seg å samarbeide

under the head of under rubrikken

(with) head to wind vindrett

you cannot expect an old head on young shoulders ungdom og visdom følges sjelden
II
verb \/hed\/

1) være anfører for, lede, stå i spissen for, gå i spissen for

• head a procession

lede et opptog

• he headed the rebellion

han sto i spissen for oppstanden

• headed by a band

med et musikkorps i spissen

2) gi overskrift, gi tittel, rubrisere, ordne i rubrikker

• a document headed «Most important»

et dokument med overskriften «Svært viktig

• be headed

ha som overskrift

3) gå foran, gå forbi

• head a competitor

passere en konkurrent

4) overtreffe, overgå, slå

• head one's opponents

slå motstanderne

5) vende, styre

• head one's ship for the harbour

styre skipet sitt mot havn

6) ( fotball) nikke, skalle, heade

7) sette hode på (i ulike betydninger)

8) ( også head down) beskjære i toppen (f.eks. et tre)

• head fish

skjære hodet av en fisk

9) innhente (ved å ta en snarvei)

10) ( overført) komme i forkjøpet

11) rykke frem mot, stevne frem mot, gå i mot, møte, angripe, seile mot

• head the enemy

• head the wind

12) styre, sette kurs, holde kurs, ha kurs, ligge an

• how does the ship head?

• head south

dra sørover

13) (spesielt amer.) ha sitt utspring (om elv)

headed for på vei mot, på vei til

be headed for styre mot, sette kursen mot

head for\/towards styre mot, sette kurs mot, holde kurs mot, ha kurs mot

be heading for ( overført) gå i møte

• be heading for unknown destinies

• he is heading for ruin

han går undergangen i møte

være på (god) vei mot

• he is heading for disaster

han styrer rett mot en katastrofe

head off styre\/lede i en annen retning

• head off a flock of sheep

stanse, sperre veien for

• head off a running horse

( overført) avverge, forhindre

head the bill ( overført) være den største attraksjonen

head the list stå øverst på listen

head the table ha hedersplassen, sitte øverst ved bordet
III
adj. \/hed\/

1) hoved-

• head office

2) første, viktigste, ledende

• the head divison of a regiment

3) over-

• head teacher

overlærer, rektor

4) mot-

• head wind

head boy den flinkeste i klassen (eller på skolen), duksen i klassen (eller på skolen)

English-Norwegian dictionary > head
6 strike

1. noun
1) (Industry) Streik, der; Ausstand, der

be on/go [out] or come out on strike — in den Streik getreten sein/in den Streik treten

2) (Finance, Mining, Oil Industry) Treffer, der (fig. ugs.)

make a strike — sein Glück machen; (Mining) fündig werden

3) (sudden success)

[lucky] strike — Glückstreffer, der

4) (act of hitting) Schlag, der

5) (Mil.) Angriff, der (at auf + Akk.)
2. transitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (hit) schlagen; [Schlag, Geschoss:] treffen [Ziel]; [Blitz:] [ein]schlagen in (+ Akk.), treffen; (afflict) treffen; [Epidemie, Seuche, Katastrophe usw.:] heimsuchen

strike one's head on or against the wall — mit dem Kopf gegen die Wand schlagen

the car struck a pedestrian — das Auto erfasste einen Fußgänger

the ship struck the rocks — das Schiff lief auf die Felsen

2) (delete) streichen (from, off aus)

3) (deliver)

strike two punches — zweimal zuschlagen

strike somebody a blow — jemandem einen Schlag versetzen

who struck [the] first blow? — wer hat zuerst geschlagen?

strike a blow against somebody/against or to something — (fig.) jemandem/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen

strike a blow for something — (fig.) eine Lanze für etwas brechen

4) (produce by hitting flint) schlagen [Funken]; (ignite) anzünden [Streichholz]

5) (chime) schlagen

6) (Mus.) anschlagen [Töne auf dem Klavier]; anzupfen, anreißen [Töne auf der Gitarre]; (fig.) anschlagen [Ton]

7) (impress) beeindrucken

strike somebody as [being] silly — jemandem dumm zu sein scheinen od. dumm erscheinen

it strikes somebody that... — es scheint jemandem, dass...

how does it strike you? — was hältst du davon?

8) (occur to) einfallen (+ Dat.)

9) (cause to become)

a heart attack struck him dead — er erlag einem Herzanfall

be struck blind/dumb — erblinden/verstummen

10) (attack) überfallen; (Mil.) angreifen

11) (encounter) begegnen (+ Dat.)

12) (Mining) stoßen auf (+ Akk.)

strike gold — auf Gold stoßen; (fig.) einen Glückstreffer landen (ugs.) (in mit)

13) (reach) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Hauptstraße, Weg, Fluss]

14) (adopt) einnehmen [[Geistes]haltung]

15) (take down) einholen [Segel, Flagge]; abbrechen [Zelt, Lager]
3. intransitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (deliver a blow) zuschlagen; [Pfeil:] treffen; [Blitz:] einschlagen; [Unheil, Katastrophe, Krise, Leid:] hereinbrechen (geh.); (collide) zusammenstoßen; (hit) schlagen ( against gegen, [up]on auf + Akk.)

2) (ignite) zünden

3) (chime) schlagen

4) (Industry) streiken

5) (attack; also Mil.) zuschlagen (fig.)

6) (make a find) (Mining) fündig werden

strike lucky — Glück haben

7) (direct course)

strike south — etc. sich nach Süden usw. wenden

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/118652/strike_at">strike at

- strike back

- strike down

- strike off

- strike out

- strike through

- strike up

* * *
1. past tense - struck; verb
1) (to hit, knock or give a blow to: He struck me in the face with his fist; Why did you strike him?; The stone struck me a blow on the side of the head; His head struck the table as he fell; The tower of the church was struck by lightning.) (ein)schlagen

2) (to attack: The enemy troops struck at dawn; We must prevent the disease striking again.) zuschlagen

3) (to produce (sparks or a flame) by rubbing: He struck a match/light; He struck sparks from the stone with his knife.) entzünden, schlagen

4) ((of workers) to stop work as a protest, or in order to force employers to give better pay: The men decided to strike for higher wages.) streiken

5) (to discover or find: After months of prospecting they finally struck gold/oil; If we walk in this direction we may strike the right path.) finden, stoßen auf

6) (to (make something) sound: He struck a note on the piano/violin; The clock struck twelve.) (an)schlagen, spielen

7) (to impress, or give a particular impression to (a person): I was struck by the resemblance between the two men; How does the plan strike you?; It / The thought struck me that she had come to borrow money.) beeindrucken

8) (to mint or manufacture (a coin, medal etc).) schlagen

9) (to go in a certain direction: He left the path and struck (off) across the fields.) den Weg einschlagen

10) (to lower or take down (tents, flags etc).) abbrechen, streichen
2. noun
1) (an act of striking: a miners' strike.) der Streik

2) (a discovery of oil, gold etc: He made a lucky strike.) der Treffer

•

- striker
- striking
- strikingly
- be out on strike
- be on strike
- call a strike
- come out on strike
- come
- be within striking distance of
- strike at
- strike an attitude/pose
- strike a balance
- strike a bargain/agreement
- strike a blow for
- strike down
- strike dumb
- strike fear/terror into
- strike home
- strike it rich
- strike lucky
- strike out
- strike up
* * *

strike¹

[straɪk]

I. n

1. (of labour) Streik m, Ausstand m

sit-down \strike Sitzstreik m

solidarity \strike Solidaritätsstreik m

steel \strike Stahlarbeiterstreik m

sympathy \strike Sympathiestreik m

a wave of \strikes eine Streikwelle

wildcat \strike esp AM wilder Streik

to be [out] on \strike streiken

to be on \strike against sth/sb AM etw/jdn bestreiken

to call a \strike einen Streik ausrufen

to call for a \strike zu einem Streik aufrufen

to go [or come out] on \strike in [den] Streik treten, streiken

2. (occurrence)

one-\strike-and-you're-out policy Politik f des harten Durchgreifens

II. vi streiken, in den Ausstand treten form

▪ to \strike for sth für etw akk streiken

the right to \strike das Recht zu streiken, das Streikrecht

striking workers streikende Arbeiter

strike²

[straɪk]

I. n

1. MIL Angriff m, Schlag m ( against gegen + akk)

air \strike Luftangriff m

military \strike Militärschlag m

missile \strike Raketenangriff m

nuclear \strike Atomschlag m, Atomangriff m

pre-emptive \strike Präventivschlag m; ( fig) vorbeugende Maßnahme

retaliatory \strike Vergeltungsschlag m, Vergeltungsangriff m

surgical \strike gezielter Angriff

to launch a \strike einen Angriff starten, einen Schlag durchführen

2. (discovery) Fund m

gold/oil \strike Gold-/Ölfund m

to make a gold \strike auf Gold stoßen

3. AM ( also fig: conviction) Verurteilung f a. fig

if you're poor and you've been to prison you've already got two \strikes against you ( fig fam) wenn man arm ist und im Gefängnis war, ist man von vornherein doppelt benachteiligt

4. AM (in baseball) Fehlschlag m

5. STOCKEX Basispreis f einer Option

II. vt

<struck, struck or OLD, AM also stricken>

1. (beat)

▪ to \strike sb/an animal [with sth] jdn/ein Tier [mit etw dat] schlagen; (bang against)

▪ to \strike sth [with sth] [mit etw dat] gegen etw akk schlagen; (bang on)

▪ to \strike sth [with sth] [mit etw dat] auf etw akk schlagen

to \strike the door/table with one's fist mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch schlagen

to \strike sb in the face jdn ins Gesicht schlagen

2. (send by hitting)

to \strike a ball einen Ball schlagen/schießen

you struck the ball perfectly! das war ein perfekter Schlag/Schuss!

3. usu passive (reach, damage)

to be struck by a bullet/missile/by lightning von einer Kugel/Rakete/vom Blitz getroffen werden

4. (meet, bump against)

▪ to \strike sth gegen etw akk stoßen; (drive against)

▪ to \strike sth gegen etw akk fahren

▪ to \strike sb jdn anfahren; (sail into)

▪ to \strike sth auf etw akk auflaufen; (collide with)

▪ to \strike sth mit etw dat zusammenstoßen

her head struck the kerb sie schlug mit dem Kopf auf die Bordsteinkante

he was struck by a car er wurde von einem Auto angefahren

5. (knock, hurt)

▪ to \strike sth against/on sth mit etw dat gegen/auf etw akk schlagen

to \strike one's fist against the door/on the table mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch schlagen

to \strike one's elbow/head against [or on] sth mit dem Ellbogen/Kopf gegen etw akk schlagen

6. (inflict)

to \strike a blow zuschlagen

to \strike two blows zweimal zuschlagen

to \strike sb a blow jdm einen Schlag versetzen

to \strike a blow against [or at] sb/sth ( fig) jdm/etw einen Schlag versetzen fig

to \strike a blow for sth ( fig) eine Lanze für etw akk brechen geh

the judge's ruling \strikes a blow for racial equality das Urteil des Richters ist ein wichtiger Sieg im Kampf für die Rassengleichheit

7. (devastate)

▪ to \strike sb/sth jdn/etw heimsuchen

the flood struck Worcester die Flut brach über Worcester herein

8. (give an impression)

▪ to \strike sb as... jdm... scheinen

almost everything he said struck me as absurd fast alles, was er sagte, schien mir ziemlich verworren [o kam mir ziemlich verworren vor]

how does Jimmy \strike you? wie findest du Jimmy?

she doesn't \strike me as [being] very motivated sie scheint mir nicht besonders motiviert [zu sein]

▪ it \strikes sb that... es scheint jdm, dass...

it \strikes me that she's not very motivated es scheint mir, dass sie nicht besonders motiviert ist

9. (impress)

to \strike sb forcibly jdn sehr beeindrucken

▪ to be struck by sth von etw dat beeindruckt sein

to be struck on sb/sth ( fam: be infatuated) sich akk in jdn/etw verguckt haben fam

10. (arouse, induce)

to \strike sb's fancy jds Interesse erregen

to \strike fear [or terror] into sb jdn in Angst versetzen

11. (achieve)

▪ to \strike sth etw erreichen

how can we \strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection? wie können wir einen Mittelweg zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum und Umweltschutz finden?

one of the tasks of a chairperson is to \strike a balance between the two sides es gehört zu den Aufgaben eines Vorsitzenden, beiden Seiten gerecht zu werden

to \strike a deal [or AM also bargain] with sb mit jdm eine Vereinbarung treffen

12. (manufacture)

to \strike coins/a medal Münzen/eine Medaille prägen

13. (discover)

▪ to \strike sth auf etw akk stoßen

to \strike gold/oil auf Gold/Öl stoßen; ( fig fam) einen Glückstreffer landen fig

to \strike gold ( fig fam: at the Olympics) die Goldmedaille gewinnen

14. (play)

to \strike a chord/note einen Akkord/Ton anschlagen

to \strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffen

15. (adopt)

to \strike an attitude ( pej) sich akk in Szene setzen pej

to \strike a note of warning about sth vor etw dat warnen

to \strike a false [or wrong] note sich akk im Ton vergreifen

to \strike more serious note eine ernstere Tonart [o einen ernsteren Ton] anschlagen

to \strike the right note den richtigen Ton treffen

to \strike a pose eine Pose einnehmen

they have chosen to \strike a pose of resistance ( fig) sie haben sich zu einer ablehnenden Haltung entschieden

16. clock

to \strike midnight/the hour Mitternacht/die [volle] Stunde schlagen

to \strike twelve zwölf schlagen

the clock struck twelve die Uhr schlug zwölf, es schlug zwölf Uhr

17. (occur to)

▪ to \strike sb jdm einfallen

she was suddenly struck by the thought that... plötzlich kam ihr der Gedanke, dass...

has it ever struck you that...? ist dir je der Gedanke gekommen dass...?

it's just struck me that... mir ist gerade eingefallen, dass...

18. (remove)

to \strike camp das Lager abbrechen

to \strike one's flag die Flaggen streichen

to \strike sb/a name off a list jdn/einen Namen von einer Liste streichen

to \strike sth from the record AM LAW etw aus den Aufzeichnungen streichen

to \strike sb off the register jdm die Zulassung entziehen

19. (ignite)

to \strike a match ein Streichholz anzünden

to \strike sparks Funken schlagen

20. (render)

to be struck dumb sprachlos sein

21.

▶ to \strike a chord with sb (memories) bei jdm Erinnerungen wecken; (agreement) bei jdm Anklang finden

to \strike a responsive chord with sb bei jdm auf großes Verständnis stoßen

▶ to \strike a familiar note [with sb] [jdm] bekannt vorkommen

▶ to \strike it lucky ( fam) einen Glückstreffer landen fig

▶ to \strike it rich das große Geld machen fam

III. vi

<struck, struck or OLD, AM also stricken>

1. (reach aim, have impact) treffen; lightning einschlagen

lightning never \strikes in the same place ein Blitz schlägt nie zweimal an derselben Stelle ein

▪ to \strike at sb/sth jdn/etw treffen

the missiles struck at troops based around the city die Raketen trafen Stellungen rund um die Stadt

to \strike at the heart of sth etw vernichtend treffen

we need to \strike at the heart of this problem wir müssen dieses Problem an der Wurzel packen

to \strike at the heart of sb ( fig) jdn ins Herz treffen fig

to \strike home ins Schwarze treffen fig

the message seems to have struck home die Botschaft ist offensichtlich angekommen

2. (act) zuschlagen; (attack) angreifen

the snake \strikes quickly die Schlange beißt schnell zu

the police have warned the public that the killer could \strike again die Polizei hat die Bevölkerung gewarnt, dass der Mörder erneut zuschlagen könnte

▪ to \strike at sb/sth jdn/etw angreifen; hit out nach jdm/etw schlagen

sometimes terrorists \strike at civilians manchmal greifen Terroristen Zivilisten an

3. (cause suffering) illness, disaster ausbrechen; fate zuschlagen

4. clock schlagen

midnight has just struck es hat gerade Mitternacht geschlagen

5. (find)

▪ to \strike on/upon sth etw finden

she has just struck upon an idea ihr ist gerade eine Idee gekommen, sie hatte gerade eine Idee

6.

▶ to \strike while the iron is hot ( prov) das Eisen schmieden, solange es heiß ist prov

▶ to \strike lucky BRIT, AUS ( fam) einen Glückstreffer landen fig

* * *
[straɪk] vb: pret struck, ptp struck or ( old) stricken
1. n

1) Streik m, Ausstand m

official/unofficial strike — offizieller/wilder Streik

to be on strike — streiken, im Ausstand sein

to be on official/unofficial strike — offiziell/wild streiken

to come out on strike, to go on strike — in den Streik or Ausstand treten

to bring sb out on strike — jdn zum Streik veranlassen

See:

→ hunger strike

2) (= discovery of oil, gold etc) Fund m

a big oil strike — ein großer Ölfund

to make a strike — fündig werden

a lucky strike — ein Treffer m, ein Glücksfall m

3) (BASEBALL) verfehlter Schlag; (TENPIN BOWLING) Strike m, alle zehne

to get a strike to have the strike (Cricket) — alle zehne werfen, abräumen (inf) schlagen

three strikes and you're out — wenn du den Ball dreimal verfehlst, bist du draußen

it/she has two strikes against it/her ( esp US inf ) — es/sie hat zwei Nachteile

4) (FISHING)

he got three strikes — drei haben angebissen

5) (MIL: attack) Angriff m

6) (= act of striking) Schlag m

2. vt

1) (= hit) schlagen; door schlagen an or gegen (+acc); nail, table schlagen auf (+acc); metal, hot iron etc hämmern; (stone, blow, bullet etc) treffen; (snake) beißen; (pain) durchzucken, durchfahren; (misfortune, disaster) treffen; (disease) befallen

to strike one's fist on the table, to strike the table with one's fist — mit der Faust auf den Tisch schlagen

to strike sb/sth a blow — jdm/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen

who struck the first blow? — wer hat zuerst (zu)geschlagen?

to strike a blow for sth (fig) — eine Lanze für etw brechen

to strike a blow (at sth) (fig) — einen Schlag (gegen etw) führen

to be struck by lightning —

he struck his forehead in surprise to strike 38 ( per minute) — er schlug sich (dat) überrascht an die Stirn 38 Ruderschläge (pro Minute) machen

2) (= collide with, meet person) stoßen gegen; (spade) stoßen auf (+acc); (car) fahren gegen; ground aufschlagen or auftreffen auf (+acc); (ship) auflaufen auf (+acc); (sound, light) ears, eyes treffen; (lightning) person treffen; tree einschlagen in (+acc), treffen

to strike one's head against sth — mit dem Kopf gegen etw stoßen, sich (dat) den Kopf an etw (acc) stoßen

to strike problems (fig) —

a terrible sight struck my eyes — plötzlich sah ich etwas Schreckliches

3) (= sound) instrument zu spielen anfangen; string, chord, note anschlagen; (clock) schlagen

to strike the keys (of piano, typewriter) — in die Tasten greifen

to strike the hour — die volle Stunde schlagen

to strike 4 — 4 schlagen

that struck a familiar note — das kam mir/ihm etc bekannt vor

See:

→ note

4) (HORT) cutting schneiden; (plant) roots schlagen

5) (= occur to) in den Sinn kommen (+dat)

to strike sb as cold/unlikely etc — jdm kalt/unwahrscheinlich etc vorkommen

that strikes me as a good idea — das kommt mir sehr vernünftig vor

the funny side of it struck me later — erst später ging mir auf, wie lustig das war

a thought struck me — mir kam plötzlich ein Gedanke

6) (= impress) beeindrucken

to be struck by sth — von etw beeindruckt sein

how does it strike you? — wie finden Sie das?, was halten Sie davon?

how does she strike you? — welchen Eindruck haben Sie von ihr?

she struck me as being very competent — sie machte auf mich einen sehr fähigen Eindruck

See:

→ also struck

7) (= produce, make) coin, medal prägen; (fig) agreement, truce sich einigen auf (+acc), aushandeln; pose einnehmen

to strike a light — Feuer machen

to strike a match —

to strike sparks — Funken schlagen

to be struck blind/deaf/dumb — blind/taub/stumm werden, mit Blindheit/Taubheit/Stummheit geschlagen werden (geh)

to strike fear or terror into sb/sb's heart —

strike a light! (inf) — ach du grüne Neune! (inf), hast du da noch Töne! (inf)

8) (= find) gold, oil, correct path finden, stoßen auf (+acc)

to strike it rich — das große Geld machen

to strike gold (fig) — auf eine Goldgrube stoßen

See:

→ oil

9) (= make) path hauen

10) (= take down) camp, tent abbrechen; (NAUT) flag, sail einholen, streichen; mast kappen, umlegen; (THEAT) set abbauen

11) (= remove) streichen

stricken from a list/the record — von einer Liste/aus dem Protokoll gestrichen werden

3. vi

1) (= hit) treffen; (lightning) einschlagen; (snake) zubeißen; (tiger) die Beute schlagen; (attack, MIL ETC) zuschlagen, angreifen; (disease) zuschlagen; (panic) ausbrechen

to strike against sth — gegen etw stoßen

to strike at sb/sth (lit) — nach jdm/etw schlagen; ( fig : at democracy, existence ) an etw (dat) rütteln

they struck at his weakest point — sie trafen ihn an seinem wundesten Punkt

to strike at the roots of sth — etw an der Wurzel treffen

to be/come within striking distance of sth — einer Sache (dat) nahe sein

to put sb within striking distance of sth — jdn in Reichweite von etw bringen

to come within striking distance of doing sth — nahe daran sein, etw zu tun

they were within striking distance of success —

the snake struck at me — die Schlange fuhr auf mich los

See:

→ home, iron

2) (clock) schlagen

when midnight strikes — wenn es Mitternacht schlägt

3) (workers) streiken

4) (match) zünden, angehen

5) (NAUT: run aground) auflaufen (on auf +acc)

6) (FISHING) anbeißen

7)

inspiration struck — er/sie etc hatte eine Eingebung

to strike on a new idea — eine neue Idee haben, auf eine neue Idee kommen

8) (= take root) Wurzeln schlagen

9)

(= go in a certain direction) to strike across country — querfeldein gehen

to strike into the woods — sich in die Wälder schlagen

the sun struck through the mist — die Sonne brach durch den Dunst

* * *

strike [straık]

A s

1. Schlag m, Hieb m, Stoß m

2. (Glocken) Schlag m

3. Schlag(werk) m(n) (einer Uhr)

4. WIRTSCH Streik m, Ausstand m:

be on strike streiken;

go on strike in (den) Streik oder in den Ausstand treten;

on strike streikend

5. Bowling: Strike m (Abräumen beim 1. Wurf)

6. Angeln:

a) Ruck m mit der Angel

b) Anbeißen n (des Fisches)

7. Münzherstellung: Prägungsmenge f

8. Bergbau:

a) Streichen n (der Schichten)

b) (Streich)Richtung f

9. umg Treffer m, Glücksfall m:

a lucky strike ein Glückstreffer

10. MIL

a) (besonders Luft-) Angriff m

b) (Atom) Schlag m

B v/t prät struck [strʌk], pperf struck, stricken [ˈstrıkən]

1. schlagen, Schläge oder einen Schlag versetzen (dat), allg treffen:

strike sb in the face jemanden ins Gesicht schlagen;

strike together zusammen-, aneinanderschlagen;

she was struck by a stone sie wurde von einem Stein getroffen;

he was struck dead by lightning er wurde vom Blitz erschlagen;

strike me dead! sl so wahr ich hier stehe!

2. ein Messer etc stoßen ( into in akk)

3. einen Schlag führen: → blow² 1

4. MUS einen Ton, auch eine Glocke, Saite, Taste anschlagen: → chord¹ 2, note A 9, A 11

5. a) ein Streichholz anzünden, ein Feuer machen

b) Funken schlagen

6. mit dem Kopf, Fuß etc stoßen oder schlagen ( against gegen)

7. stoßen oder schlagen gegen oder auf (akk), zusammenstoßen mit, SCHIFF auflaufen auf (akk), einschlagen in (akk) (Geschoss, Blitz)

8. fallen auf (akk) (Licht), auftreffen auf (akk), das Auge oder Ohr treffen:

a sound struck his ear ein Laut schlug an sein Ohr;

strike sb’s eye jemandem ins Auge fallen

9. fig jemandem einfallen oder in den Sinn kommen:

an idea struck him ihm kam oder er hatte eine Idee

10. jemandem auffallen:

what struck me was … was mir auffiel oder worüber ich staunte, war …

11. Eindruck machen auf (akk), jemanden beeindrucken:

be struck by beeindruckt oder hingerissen sein von;

be struck on a girl umg in ein Mädchen verknallt sein

12. jemandem gut etc vorkommen:

how does it strike you? was hältst du davon?;

it struck her as ridiculous es kam ihr lächerlich vor

13. stoßen auf (akk), (zufällig) treffen oder entdecken, Gold etc finden: → oil A 1, rich A 7

14. Wurzeln schlagen: → root¹ A 1

15. THEAT Kulissen etc abbauen

16. ein Zelt etc abbrechen: → camp¹ A 1

17. SCHIFF

a) die Flagge, Segel streichen

b) (weg)fieren: → flag¹ A 1, A 2, sail A 1

18. den Fisch mit einem Ruck (der Angel) auf den Haken spießen

19. a) seine Beute schlagen (Habicht etc)

b) die Giftzähne schlagen in (akk) (Schlange)

20. TECH glatt streichen

21. a) MATH den Durchschnitt, das Mittel nehmen

b) WIRTSCH die Bilanz, den Saldo ziehen

c) WIRTSCH eine Dividende ausschütten: → balance A 7, mean³ B 1, B 2

22. streichen ( off von einer Liste etc): → Medical Register, roll A 2, strike off 2, strike through

23. eine Münze, Medaille schlagen, prägen

24. die Stunde etc schlagen (Uhr): → twelve A

25. fig jemanden schlagen, heimsuchen, treffen (Unglück, Not etc), befallen (Krankheit)

26. jemanden erfüllen ( with mit Schrecken, Schmerz etc)

27. jemanden blind, taub etc machen: → dumb A 3

28. ein Tempo, eine Gangart anschlagen

29. eine Haltung oder Pose an-, einnehmen

30. WIRTSCH einen Handel abschließen: → bargain Bes Redew

31. strike work

a) WIRTSCH die Arbeit niederlegen,

b) Feierabend machen

C v/i

1. a) (zu)schlagen, (-)stoßen: → iron A 1

b) fig zuschlagen:

the killer has struck again

2. schlagen, treffen:

strike at

a) jemanden oder nach jemandem schlagen,

b) fig zielen auf (akk): → root¹ A 1

3. fig zuschlagen, angreifen

4. zubeißen (Schlange)

5. (on)

a) schlagen, stoßen (an akk, gegen)

b) SCHIFF auflaufen (auf akk), (auf Grund) stoßen

6. fallen (Licht), auftreffen (Lichtstrahl, Schall etc) (on auf akk)

7. strike on auf Öl, Erz etc stoßen ( → B 13)

8. schlagen (Uhr): → hour 3

9. sich entzünden (Streichholz)

10. ELEK sich (plötzlich) entladen (Funke): → strike across

11. einschlagen, treffen (Blitz, Geschoss)

12. BOT Wurzeln schlagen

13. den Weg einschlagen, sich (plötzlich) wenden ( beide:

to the right, etc nach rechts etc):

strike for home umg heimgehen;

strike into

a) einbiegen in (akk), einen Weg einschlagen,

b) fig plötzlich verfallen in (akk), etwas beginnen;

strike into a gallop in Galopp verfallen;

strike into a subject sich einem Thema zuwenden

14. WIRTSCH streiken ( for um; against gegen)

15. SCHIFF die Flagge streichen (to vor dat) (auch fig)

16. GEOL streichen (Schicht)

17. Angeln:

a) anbeißen (Fisch)

b) den Fisch mit einem Ruck (der Angel) auf den Haken spießen

18. (durch)dringen (to zu; into in akk; through durch) (Kälte etc)

* * *
1. noun
1) (Industry) Streik, der; Ausstand, der

be on/go [out] or come out on strike — in den Streik getreten sein/in den Streik treten

2) (Finance, Mining, Oil Industry) Treffer, der (fig. ugs.)

make a strike — sein Glück machen; (Mining) fündig werden

3) (sudden success)

[lucky] strike — Glückstreffer, der

4) (act of hitting) Schlag, der

5) (Mil.) Angriff, der (at auf + Akk.)
2. transitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (hit) schlagen; [Schlag, Geschoss:] treffen [Ziel]; [Blitz:] [ein]schlagen in (+ Akk.), treffen; (afflict) treffen; [Epidemie, Seuche, Katastrophe usw.:] heimsuchen

strike one's head on or against the wall — mit dem Kopf gegen die Wand schlagen

the car struck a pedestrian — das Auto erfasste einen Fußgänger

the ship struck the rocks — das Schiff lief auf die Felsen

2) (delete) streichen (from, off aus)

3) (deliver)

strike two punches — zweimal zuschlagen

strike somebody a blow — jemandem einen Schlag versetzen

who struck [the] first blow? — wer hat zuerst geschlagen?

strike a blow against somebody/against or to something — (fig.) jemandem/einer Sache einen Schlag versetzen

strike a blow for something — (fig.) eine Lanze für etwas brechen

4) (produce by hitting flint) schlagen [Funken]; (ignite) anzünden [Streichholz]

5) (chime) schlagen

6) (Mus.) anschlagen [Töne auf dem Klavier]; anzupfen, anreißen [Töne auf der Gitarre]; (fig.) anschlagen [Ton]

7) (impress) beeindrucken

strike somebody as [being] silly — jemandem dumm zu sein scheinen od. dumm erscheinen

it strikes somebody that... — es scheint jemandem, dass...

how does it strike you? — was hältst du davon?

8) (occur to) einfallen (+ Dat.)

9) (cause to become)

a heart attack struck him dead — er erlag einem Herzanfall

be struck blind/dumb — erblinden/verstummen

10) (attack) überfallen; (Mil.) angreifen

11) (encounter) begegnen (+ Dat.)

12) (Mining) stoßen auf (+ Akk.)

strike gold — auf Gold stoßen; (fig.) einen Glückstreffer landen (ugs.) (in mit)

13) (reach) stoßen auf (+ Akk.) [Hauptstraße, Weg, Fluss]

14) (adopt) einnehmen [[Geistes]haltung]

15) (take down) einholen [Segel, Flagge]; abbrechen [Zelt, Lager]
3. intransitive verb,
struck, struck or (arch.) stricken

1) (deliver a blow) zuschlagen; [Pfeil:] treffen; [Blitz:] einschlagen; [Unheil, Katastrophe, Krise, Leid:] hereinbrechen (geh.); (collide) zusammenstoßen; (hit) schlagen ( against gegen, [up]on auf + Akk.)

2) (ignite) zünden

3) (chime) schlagen

4) (Industry) streiken

5) (attack; also Mil.) zuschlagen (fig.)

6) (make a find) (Mining) fündig werden

strike lucky — Glück haben

7) (direct course)

strike south — etc. sich nach Süden usw. wenden

Phrasal Verbs:

- strike at

- strike back

- strike down

- strike off

- strike out

- strike through

- strike up

* * *

n.

Stoß ¨-e m.

Streik -s m.

Treffer - m. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: struck)

or p.p.: stricken•) = anzünden v.

auffallen v.

drücken v.

schlagen v.

(§ p.,pp.: schlug, geschlagen)

stoßen v.

(§ p.,pp.: stieß, gestossen)

streiken v.

treffen v.

(§ p.,pp.: traf, getroffen)

English-german dictionary > strike
7 head

1. noun
1) Kopf, der; Haupt, das (geh.)

mind your head! — Vorsicht, dein Kopf!; (on sign) Vorsicht - geringe Durchgangshöhe!

head first — mit dem Kopf zuerst/voran

head over heels — kopfüber

head over heels in love — bis über beide Ohren verliebt (ugs.)

keep one's head — einen klaren Kopf behalten

lose one's head — (fig.) den Kopf verlieren

be unable to make head or tail of something/somebody — aus etwas/jemandem nicht klug werden

2) (mind) Kopf, der

in one's head — im Kopf

enter somebody's head — jemandem in den Sinn kommen

two heads are better than one — (prov.) zwei Köpfe sind besser als einer

I've got a good/bad head for figures — ich kann gut rechnen/rechnen kann ich überhaupt nicht

use your head — gebrauch deinen Verstand

not quite right in the head — (coll.) nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] (ugs.)

get something into one's head — etwas begreifen

have got it into one's head that... — fest [davon] überzeugt sein, dass...

the first thing that comes into somebody's head — das erste, was jemandem einfällt

3) (person)

a or per head — pro Kopf

4) pl. same (in counting) Stück [Vieh], das

5) in pl. (on coin)

heads or tails? — Kopf oder Zahl?

6) (working end etc.; also Mus.) Kopf, der

playback/erasing head — Wiedergabe-/Löschkopf, der

7) (on beer) Blume, die

8) (highest part) Kopf, der; (of stairs) oberes Ende; (of list, column) oberste Reihe

9) (upper or more important end) Kopf, der; (of bed) Kopfende, das

10) (leader) Leiter, der/Leiterin, die

head of government — Regierungschef, der/-chefin, die

head of state — Staatsoberhaupt, das

11) see academic.ru/33986/headmaster">headmaster; headmistress
2. attributive adjective
head waiter — Oberkellner, der

head office — Hauptverwaltung, die; (Commerc.) Hauptbüro, das
3. transitive verb
1) (provide with heading) überschreiben; betiteln

headed notepaper — Briefpapier mit Kopf

2) (stand at top of) anführen [Liste]; (lead) leiten; führen [Bewegung]

3) (direct)

we were headed towards Plymouth — wir fuhren mit Kurs auf Plymouth

4) (Footb.) köpfen

5) (overtake and stop)

head somebody/something [off] — jemanden/etwas abdrängen
4. intransitive verb
steuern

head for London — [Flugzeug, Schiff:] Kurs auf London nehmen; [Auto:] in Richtung London fahren

head towards or for somebody/the buffet — auf jemanden/das Buffet zusteuern

you're heading for trouble — du wirst Ärger bekommen

* * *
[hed] 1. noun
1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) der Kopf

2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) der Kopf

3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) die Kopflänge

4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) das (Ober-)Haupt; Ober...

5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) der Kopf

6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) die Quelle

7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) oberes Ende

8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) die Spitze

9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) die Begabung

10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) der Leiter

11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) (pro) Kopf

12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) die Landspitze

13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) die Blume
2. verb
1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) an erster Stelle stehen

2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) leiten

3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) zusteuern

4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) betiteln

5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) köpfen

•

- -headed
- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails? - keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head
* * *

head

[hed]

I. NOUN

1. ANAT Kopf m, Haupt nt geh

from \head to foot [or toe] von Kopf bis Fuß

to bow one's \head den Kopf senken

to nod one's \head mit dem Kopf nicken

to shake one's \head den Kopf schütteln

2. no pl (mental capacity) Kopf m, Verstand m

to put ideas into sb's \head jdm Flausen in den Kopf setzen

what put that idea into your \head? wie kommst du denn darauf?

to need a clear \head to do sth einen klaren Kopf brauchen, um etw zu tun

to have a good \head for sth für etw akk begabt sein

she's got a good \head for figures sie kann gut mit Zahlen umgehen

to clear one's \head einen klaren Kopf bekommen

to get sb/sth out of one's \head sich dat jdn/etw aus dem Kopf schlagen

I can't get that man out of my \head dieser Mann geht mir einfach nicht mehr aus dem Kopf

to use one's \head seinen Verstand benutzen

3. no pl (person unit)

a [or per] \head pro Kopf [o fam Nase]

dinner cost £20 a head das Abendessen kommt auf 20 Pfund pro Nase fam; (animal unit) Stück nt

a hundred \head of cattle einhundert Stück Vieh; (vegetable unit) Kopf m; of celery Staude f

a \head of broccoli/cauliflower ein Brokkoli/Blumenkohl

a \head of cabbage ein Kohlkopf m

a \head of lettuce ein Salat

4. no pl (measure of length) Kopf m

to be a \head taller than sb [um] einen Kopf größer sein als jd

to win by a \head mit einer Kopflänge Vorsprung gewinnen

5. no pl (top, front part)

the \head of the bed das Kopfende des Bettes

at the \head of the queue [or AM line] [ganz] am Anfang der Schlange

at the \head of the table am Kopf[ende] des Tisches

6. (blunt end) of a nail, pin, screw Kopf m; (end of tool) of a hammer Haupt nt, Kopf m; of a screwdriver Griff m; of tape, photographic film Anfang m

the \head of a match der Streichholzkopf

7. (leader) Chef(in) m(f); of a project, department Leiter(in) m(f); of Church Oberhaupt nt

the \head of the family das Familienoberhaupt

\head of section ECON, FIN Fachbereichsleiter(in) m(f)

a \head of state ein Staatsoberhaupt nt

8. esp BRIT (head teacher) Schulleiter(in) m(f), Rektor(in) m(f), Direktor(in) m(f) ÖSTERR

9. no pl (letterhead) [Brief]kopf m; (edge of book/page) Kopf m

10. usu pl (coin face) Kopf m

\heads or tails? Kopf oder Zahl?

11. (beer foam) Blume f, Krone f ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ

you have to pour the beer slowly so there isn't too big a \head on it man muss das Bier langsam einschenken, damit es nicht zu viel Schaum gibt

12. (water source) Quelle f

the \head of a river/stream ein Fluss-/Bachoberlauf m

13. (accumulated amount)

\head of steam Dampfdruck m

to build up a \head of steam ( fig) Dampf machen fam

14. (of spot on skin) Pfropf m

the \head of a boil/a pimple der Eiterpfropf einer Beule/eines Pickels

15. TECH of a tape recorder, video recorder Tonkopf m

16. COMPUT (data indicating start address) Kopf m

17.

▶ to not be able to get one's \head [a]round sth ( fam) etw nicht kapieren fam

▶ to not be able to make \head [n]or tail of sth aus etw dat nicht schlau [o klug] werden, sich dat auf etw akk keinen Reim machen können

▶ to bang [or knock] sb's \heads together jdm den Kopf zurechtrücken

▶ to beat [or bang] [or knock] one's \head against a brick wall mit dem Kopf durch die Wand wollen

▶ to bite [or snap] sb's \head off jdm den Kopf abreißen fig fam, jdn beschimpfen

▶ to bring sth to a \head (carry sth too far) etw auf die Spitze treiben; (force a decision) etw forcieren [o zur Entscheidung bringen]

▶ to have one's \head buried [or stuck] in a book in ein Buch versunken sein

▶ to bury one's \head in the sand, to have one's \head buried in the sand den Kopf in den Sand stecken

▶ to come to a \head sich akk zuspitzen

▶ to do sb's \head in BRIT ( fam: annoy) jdm auf den Wecker gehen fam; (confuse) jdn überfordern

▶ to do sth over sb's \head etw über jds Kopf hinweg tun

▶ to fall \head over heels in love with sb sich akk bis über beide Ohren in jdn verlieben

▶ to get [or put] one's \head down BRIT (concentrate) sich akk [ganz auf eine Sache] konzentrieren; (sleep) sich akk aufs Ohr hauen fam

▶ to get sth into one's \head etw begreifen

when will you get it into your thick \head that...? wann geht es endlich in deinen sturen Kopf [o kapierst du endlich], dass...? fam

▶ to give sb \head ( vulg sl) jdm einen blasen vulg, jdn lecken vulg

▶ to give sb their \head jdn gewähren lassen, jdm seinen Willen lassen

▶ to go over sb's \head über jds Kopf hinweg handeln

▶ to go to sb's \head praise, success jdm zu Kopf steigen pej; alcohol, wine jdm in den [o zu] Kopf steigen

▶ a good [or thick] \head of hair schönes volles Haar

▶ to have one's \head in the clouds in höheren Regionen schweben hum

▶ to have a/no \head for heights BRIT schwindelfrei/nicht schwindelfrei sein

▶ to have a good \head on one's shoulders ein helles [o kluges] Köpfchen sein fam

▶ to have an old [or wise] \head on young shoulders für sein Alter ziemlich erwachsen [o reif] sein

▶ to be \head over heels in love bis über beide Ohren verliebt sein fam

▶ to be in over one's \head ( fam) tief im Schlamassel stecken fam

▶ to keep one's \head above water sich akk über Wasser halten fig

▶ to keep a cool \head einen kühlen Kopf bewahren

▶ to keep one's \head einen klaren Kopf bewahren

▶ to keep one's \head down den Kopf einziehen, auf Tauchstation gehen hum

▶ to laugh one's \head off sich akk halb totlachen fam

▶ to be off one's \head ( fam: be crazy, silly) übergeschnappt [o von allen guten Geistern verlassen] sein fam; (stoned) total zu[gedröhnt] [o zugekifft] sein sl

Ben must be off his \head if he thinks Dad'll give him the money Ben kann nicht ganz bei Trost sein, wenn er glaubt, Dad würde ihm das Geld geben

▶ to be [or go] over sb's \head über jds Horizont gehen

▶ to put one's \heads together die Köpfe zusammenstecken

▶ to put [or stick] one's \head above the parapet BRIT sich akk weit aus dem Fenster lehnen fig

▶ \heads will roll Köpfe werden rollen

▶ to scream [or shout] one's \head off sich dat die Lunge aus dem Leib schreien

the dog started barking its \head off der Hund begann, wie verrückt zu bellen

▶ to have one's \head screwed on [right [or the right way]] ein patenter Mensch sein

▶ to be \head and shoulders above sb/sth jdm/etw haushoch überlegen sein

▶ to have taken sth into one's \head sich dat etw in den Kopf gesetzt haben

▶ \heads I win, tails you lose ( saying) ich gewinne auf jeden Fall

II. ADJECTIVE

attr leitende(r, s)

\head cook Küchenchef(in) m(f)

\head office Zentrale f

\head waiter/waitress Oberkellner m/Oberkellnerin f, SCHWEIZ a. Chef de service m

III. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (be at the front of)

▪ to \head sth etw anführen

the procession was \headed by the Queen die Queen ging der Prozession voran

2. (be in charge of)

to \head a firm/an organization eine Firma/Organisation leiten [o führen

3. PUBL (have at the top)

▪ to \head sth etw überschreiben [o mit einer Überschrift versehen]

the article wasn't \headed der Artikel hatte keine Überschrift

4. FBALL

to \head the ball den Ball köpfen

5. HORT

to \head a tree einen Baum kappen

IV. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1. + adv (proceed in a certain direction)

to \head home sich akk auf den Heimweg machen

to \head along a path einen Weg entlanglaufen

2. HORT salad einen Kopf ansetzen

3. (go toward)

▪ to \head for sth auf dem Weg zu etw dat sein

he \headed straight for the fridge er steuerte direkt auf den Kühlschrank zu

to \head for the exit sich akk zum Ausgang begeben geh, zum Ausgang gehen

to \head for disaster auf eine Katastrophe zusteuern

▪ to \head into sth auf etw akk zusteuern

to be \heading into [some] rough times schweren Zeiten entgegengehen

* * *
in cpds (= top, senior) Ober-
* * *

head [hed]

A v/t

1. anführen, an der Spitze oder an erster Stelle stehen von (oder gen):

head a list;

head the table SPORT an der Tabellenspitze stehen, die Tabelle anführen; → bill² A 8

2. voran-, vorausgehen (dat)

3. (an)führen, leiten:

a commission headed by ein Ausschuss unter der Leitung von

4. lenken, steuern, dirigieren:

head off

a) um-, ablenken,

b) abfangen,

c) eine Gefahr etc abwenden, ein Gespräch etc abbiegen

5. übertreffen

6. einen Fluss etc (an der Quelle) umgehen

7. mit einem Kopf etc versehen

8. einen Titel geben (dat), betiteln

9. die Spitze bilden von (oder gen)

10. besonders Pflanzen köpfen, Bäume kappen, Schösslinge stutzen, zurückschneiden

11. Fußball: den Ball köpfen:

head away wegköpfen;

head in einköpfen

12. head up

a) ein Fass ausböden,

b) Wasser aufstauen

B v/i

1. a) gehen, fahren ( beide:

for nach):

be heading back auf dem Rückweg sein

b) (for) sich bewegen (auf akk … zu), lossteuern, -gehen (auf akk):

you are heading for trouble wenn du so weitermachst, bekommst du Ärger; → fall A 1

2. SCHIFF (for) Kurs halten (auf akk), zusteuern oder liegen (auf akk)

3. (mit der Front) liegen nach:

the house heads south

4. (einen Kopf) ansetzen (Gemüse etc)

5. sich entwickeln

6. entspringen (Fluss)

7. Fußball:

head clear mit dem oder per Kopf klären;

head in einköpfen;

head wide vorbeiköpfen

C adj

1. Kopf…

2. Spitzen…, Vorder…, an der Spitze stehend oder gehend

3. Chef…, Haupt…, Ober…, Spitzen…, führend, oberst(er, e, es), erst(er, e, es):

head coach SPORT bes US Cheftrainer m;

head cook Chefkoch m;

head nurse Oberschwester f

D s

1. Kopf m:

have a head umg einen Brummschädel haben, einen dicken oder schweren Kopf haben;

win by a head (Pferderennen) um eine Kopflänge gewinnen, a. fig um eine Nasenlänge gewinnen;

work sth out in one’s head etwas im Kopf ausrechnen; → stand B 1

2. poet und fig Haupt n:

head of the family Haupt der Familie, Familienvorstand m, -oberhaupt;

heads of state Staatsoberhäupter; → crowned 1

3. Kopf m, Verstand m, auch Begabung f:

he has a (good) head for languages er ist sehr sprachbegabt;

head for figures Zahlengedächtnis n;

have a good head for heights schwindelfrei sein;

two heads are better than one zwei Köpfe wissen mehr als einer

4. Spitze f, höchste Stelle, führende Stellung:

at the head of an der Spitze von (od gen)

5. a) (An)Führer(in), Leiter(in)

b) Vorstand m, Vorsteher(in)

c) Chef(in):

head of government Regierungschef

d) SCHULE Direktor m, Direktorin f

6. oberes Ende, oberer Teil oder Rand, Spitze f, z. B.

a) oberer Absatz (einer Treppe)

b) Kopf(ende) m(n) (eines Bettes, der Tafel etc)

c) Kopf m (einer Buchseite, eines Briefes, eines Nagels, einer Stecknadel, eines Hammers, eines Golfschlägers etc)

d) SCHIFF Topp m (Mast)

7. Kopf m (einer Brücke oder Mole), oberes oder unteres Ende (eines Sees etc), Boden m (eines Fasses)

8. a) Kopf m, Spitze f, vorderes Ende, Vorderteil m/n

b) SCHIFF Bug m

c) SCHIFF Toilette f (im Bug)

9. Kopf m, (einzelne) Person:

one pound a head ein Pfund pro Kopf oder Person

10. (pl head) Stück n:

50 head of cattle 50 Stück Vieh

11. Br Anzahl f, Herde f, Ansammlung f (besonders Wild)

12. Höhepunkt m, Krise f: → Bes Redew

13. (Haupt-)Haar n:

a beautiful head of hair schönes, volles Haar

14. BOT

a) (Salat- etc) Kopf m, Köpfchen n (kopfig gedrängter Blütenstand)

b) (Baum) Krone f, Wipfel m

15. ANAT Kopf m (vom Knochen oder Muskel)

16. MED Durchbruchstelle f (eines Geschwürs etc)

17. Vorgebirge n, Landspitze f, Kap n

18. pl Vorderseite f (einer Münze):

heads or tails? Wappen od Zahl?

19. JAGD Geweih n:

a deer of the first head ein fünfjähriger Hirsch

20. Schaum(krone) m(f) (vom Bier etc)

21. Br Rahm m, Sahne f

22. Quelle f (eines Flusses)

23. a) Überschrift f, Titelkopf m

b) Abschnitt m, Kapitel n

c) (Haupt)Punkt m (einer Rede etc):

the head and front das Wesentliche

24. Abteilung f, Rubrik f, Kategorie f

25. TYPO (Titel)Kopf m

26. LING Oberbegriff m

27. → heading

28. TECH

a) Stauwasser n

b) Staudamm m, -mauer f

29. PHYS, TECH

a) Gefälle n, Gefällhöhe f

b) Druckhöhe f

c) (Dampf-, Luft-, Gas) Druck m

d) Säule f, Säulenhöhe f (zur Druckmessung):

head of water Wassersäule

30. TECH

a) Spindelkopf m (einer Fräsmaschine)

b) Spindelbank f (einer Drehbank)

c) Support m (einer Bohrbank)

d) (Gewinde) Schneidkopf m

e) Saugmassel f (Gießerei)

f) Kopf-, Deckplatte f, Haube f

31. MUS

a) (Trommel) Fell n

b) (Noten) Kopf m

c) Kopf m (einer Violine etc)

32. Verdeck n, Dach n (einer Kutsche etc)

33. in Zusammensetzungen: umg

a) …süchtige(r) m/f(m): → acidhead, hashhead

b) …fan m:

filmheadBesondere Redewendungen: above ( oder over) sb’s head zu hoch für jemanden;

that is ( oder goes) above my head das geht über meinen Horizont oder Verstand;

talk above sb’s head über jemandes Kopf hinweg reden;

by head and shoulders an den Haaren (herbeiziehen), gewaltsam;

(by) head and shoulders um Haupteslänge (größer etc), weitaus;

head and shoulders above the rest den anderen turm- oder haushoch überlegen;

from head to foot von Kopf bis Fuß;

off ( oder out of) one’s head umg übergeschnappt;

go off one’s head umg überschnappen;

on one’s head auf dem Kopf stehend;

on this head in diesem Punkt;

out of one’s own head

a) von sich aus, allein,

b) auf eigene Verantwortung over sb’s head über jemandes Kopf hinweg;

go over sb’s head to do sth jemanden übergehen und etwas tun;

head over heels

a) kopfüber (die Treppe hinunterstürzen),

b) bis über die oder beide Ohren (verliebt sein) be head over heels in debt bis über die Ohren in Schulden sitzen oder stecken;

head first ( oder foremost) → headlong A;

bite ( oder snap) sb’s head off umg jemandem den Kopf abreißen, jemanden fressen;

bring to a head zum Ausbruch oder zur Entscheidung bringen;

bury one’s head in the sand den Kopf in den Sand stecken;

call for sb’s head jemandes Kopf fordern;

go for a walk to clear one’s head um einen klaren Kopf zu bekommen;

come to a head

a) MED eitern, aufbrechen (Geschwür),

b) fig zur Entscheidung oder Krise kommen, sich zuspitzen cry one’s head off umg sich die Augen ausweinen oder aus dem Kopf weinen;

it never entered his head to help her es kam ihm nie in den Sinn, ihr zu helfen;

he’d forget his head if it wasn’t screwed on umg der würde sogar seinen Kopf vergessen, wenn er nicht angeschraubt wäre;

gather head überhandnehmen;

give a horse its head einem Pferd die Zügel schießen lassen;

give sb their head fig jemanden gewähren oder machen lassen;

give sb head US vulg jemandem einen blasen (jemanden fellationieren);

his name has gone out of my head mir ist sein Name entfallen;

go to sb’s head jemandem in den oder zu Kopf steigen (Alkohol, Erfolg etc);

he has a good head on his shoulders er ist ein kluger Kopf;

have ( oder be) an old head on young shoulders für sein Alter sehr reif oder vernünftig sein;

hold sth in one’s head etwas behalten, sich etwas merken;

hold one’s head up

a) den Kopf hoch halten,

b) fig seine Selbstachtung nicht verlieren keep one’s head kühlen Kopf bewahren, die Nerven behalten;

keep one’s head above water sich über Wasser halten (a. fig);

knock sth on the head umg

a) etwas über den Haufen werfen umg,

b) einer Sache ein Ende bereiten, Schluss machen mit etwas laugh one’s head off umg sich fast oder halb totlachen;

let sb have his head jemandem seinen Willen lassen;

it lies on my head es wird mir zur Last gelegt;

lose one’s head den Kopf oder die Nerven verlieren;

make head (gut) vorankommen, Fortschritte machen;

make head against die Stirn bieten (dat), sich entgegenstemmen (dat);

I cannot make head or tail of it ich kann daraus nicht schlau werden, ich kann damit nichts anfangen;

put sth into sb’s head jemandem etwas in den Kopf setzen;

put sth out of one’s head sich etwas aus dem Kopf schlagen;

they put their heads together sie steckten die Köpfe zusammen;

run in sb’s head jemandem im Kopf herumgehen;

scream one’s head off sich die Lunge aus dem Hals oder Leib schreien umg;

take the head die Führung übernehmen;

take sth into one’s head sich etwas in den Kopf setzen;

talk one’s head off umg reden wie ein Wasserfall oder Buch;

talk sb’s head off umg jemandem ein Loch in den Bauch reden;

turn sb’s head jemandem den Kopf verdrehen; → bang¹ B 1, cloud A 1, knock B 1, roll B 1, swelled head, swollen head, top¹ A 1

hd abk

1. hand

2. head

* * *
1. noun
1) Kopf, der; Haupt, das (geh.)

mind your head! — Vorsicht, dein Kopf!; (on sign) Vorsicht - geringe Durchgangshöhe!

head first — mit dem Kopf zuerst/voran

head over heels — kopfüber

head over heels in love — bis über beide Ohren verliebt (ugs.)

keep one's head — einen klaren Kopf behalten

lose one's head — (fig.) den Kopf verlieren

be unable to make head or tail of something/somebody — aus etwas/jemandem nicht klug werden

2) (mind) Kopf, der

in one's head — im Kopf

enter somebody's head — jemandem in den Sinn kommen

two heads are better than one — (prov.) zwei Köpfe sind besser als einer

I've got a good/bad head for figures — ich kann gut rechnen/rechnen kann ich überhaupt nicht

use your head — gebrauch deinen Verstand

not quite right in the head — (coll.) nicht ganz richtig [im Kopf] (ugs.)

get something into one's head — etwas begreifen

have got it into one's head that... — fest [davon] überzeugt sein, dass...

the first thing that comes into somebody's head — das erste, was jemandem einfällt

3) (person)

a or per head — pro Kopf

4) pl. same (in counting) Stück [Vieh], das

5) in pl. (on coin)

heads or tails? — Kopf oder Zahl?

6) (working end etc.; also Mus.) Kopf, der

playback/erasing head — Wiedergabe-/Löschkopf, der

7) (on beer) Blume, die

8) (highest part) Kopf, der; (of stairs) oberes Ende; (of list, column) oberste Reihe

9) (upper or more important end) Kopf, der; (of bed) Kopfende, das

10) (leader) Leiter, der/Leiterin, die

head of government — Regierungschef, der/-chefin, die

head of state — Staatsoberhaupt, das

11) see headmaster; headmistress
2. attributive adjective
head waiter — Oberkellner, der

head office — Hauptverwaltung, die; (Commerc.) Hauptbüro, das
3. transitive verb
1) (provide with heading) überschreiben; betiteln

headed notepaper — Briefpapier mit Kopf

2) (stand at top of) anführen [Liste]; (lead) leiten; führen [Bewegung]

3) (direct)

we were headed towards Plymouth — wir fuhren mit Kurs auf Plymouth

4) (Footb.) köpfen

5) (overtake and stop)

head somebody/something [off] — jemanden/etwas abdrängen
4. intransitive verb
steuern

head for London — [Flugzeug, Schiff:] Kurs auf London nehmen; [Auto:] in Richtung London fahren

head towards or for somebody/the buffet — auf jemanden/das Buffet zusteuern

you're heading for trouble — du wirst Ärger bekommen

* * *

n.

Chef- präfix.

Haupt Häupter n.

Kopf ¨-e m. v.

an der Spitze stehen ausdr.

English-german dictionary > head
8 Historical Portugal

   Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.

   A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.

   Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140

   The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."

   In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.

   The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.

   Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385

   Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in

   Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.

   The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.

   Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580

   The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.

   The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.

   What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.

   By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.

   Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.

   The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.

   By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.

   In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.

   Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640

   Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.

   Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.

   On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.

   Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822

   Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.

   Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.

   In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the

   Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.

   Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.

   Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.

   Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910

   During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.

   Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.

   Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.

   Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.

   Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.

   As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.

   First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26

   Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.

   The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.

   Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.

   The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74

   During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."

   Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.

   For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),

   and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.

   The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.

   With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.

   During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.

   The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.

   At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.

   The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.

   Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76

   Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.

   Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.

   In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.

   In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.

   In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.

   The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until

   UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.

   Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000

   After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.

   From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.

   Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.

   Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.

   In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.

   In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.

   Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.

    Contemporary Portugal

   Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.

   The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.

   Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.

   Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).

   All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.

   The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.

   After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.

   Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.

   Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.

   From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.

   Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.

   In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.

   An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal
9 relief

rə'li:f
noun

1) (a lessening or stopping of pain, worry, boredom etc: When one has a headache, an aspirin brings relief; He gave a sigh of relief; It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen.) alivio

2) (help (eg food) given to people in need of it: famine relief; (also adjective) A relief fund has been set up to send supplies to the refugees.) auxilio, socorro

3) (a person who takes over some job or task from another person, usually after a given period of time: The bus-driver was waiting for his relief; (also adjective) a relief driver.) relevo

4) (the act of freeing a town etc from siege: the relief of Mafeking.) liberación

5) (a way of carving etc in which the design is raised above the level of its background: a carving in relief.) relieve

•

- relieve
- relieved

relief n alivio

what a relief! ¡qué alivio!

relief

tr[rɪ'liːf]

noun

1 (from pain etc) alivio

2 (help) auxilio, socorro, ayuda

3 (person) relevo

4 (lifting of siege) liberación nombre femenino

5 SMALLGEOGRAPHY/SMALL relieve nombre masculino

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to breathe a sigh of relief / heave a sigh of relief dar un suspiro de alivio

to throw into relief poner en relieve

what a relief! ¡qué alivio!

relief fund fondo de ayuda

relief map mapa nombre masculino físico

relief road vía de descongestión

relief [ri'li:f] n

1) : alivio m, desahogo m

relief from pain: alivio del dolor

2) aid, welfare: ayuda f (benéfica), asistencia f social

3) : relieve m (en la escultura)

relief map: mapa en relieve

4) replacement: relevo m

relief

n.

• aligeramiento s.m.

• alivio s.m.

• asistencia s.f.

• auxilio s.m.

• consuelo s.m.

• desahogo s.m.

• descanso s.m.

• realce s.m.

• relevación s.f.

• relevo s.m.

• relieve s.m.

• remedio s.m.

• socorro s.m.

rɪ'liːf
noun

1) u (from worry, pain) alivio m

much to my relief, I wasn't late — por suerte, no llegué tarde

it's a relief that the rain's stopped/to sit down at last — menos mal que ha parado de llover/que al fin puedo sentarme

the news came as a great relief to us — respiramos aliviados or tranquilos al oír la noticia

I wanted some relief from the daily routine — quería escapar un poco de la rutina diaria

the children's antics provided some light relief — las travesuras de los niños nos entretuvieron

to give relief from pain — calmar or aliviar el dolor

2) u ( aid) ayuda f, auxilio m ( de emergencia)

to be on relief — (AmE) recibir prestaciones de la seguridad social; (before n)

relief agency — organismo de ayuda a los damnificados de una catástrofe

3) c

a) ( Mil) liberación f ( de una plaza sitiada)

b) ( replacement) relevo m; (before n) <driver, crew> de relevo

relief road — vía f de descongestión or (Méx) de libramiento

4) u c

a) (esp BrE Tax) desgravación f

b) ( redress) ( Law) desagravio m

5) u c (Art, Geog) relieve m

to stand out in relief — resaltar

to bring o throw something into relief — poner* algo de relieve; (before n)

relief map — mapa m físico or orográfico; ( three-dimensional) mapa m en relieve

[rɪ'liːf]
1. N

1) (from pain, anxiety) alivio m

that's a relief! — ¡qué alivio!

the news came as a great relief to her parents — la noticia fue un gran alivio para sus padres

there was a sense of relief that the war was finally over — todos sintieron un gran alivio cuando se supo que la guerra había terminado por fin

the relief of nasal congestion — el alivio de la congestión nasal

to bring or give or provide relief from sth — aliviar algo

drugs provide relief from the pain — las drogas alivian el dolor

to heave or breathe a sigh of relief — dar un suspiro de alivio

to our (great) relief, she accepted — para (gran) alivio nuestro, aceptó

she almost wept with or in relief — casi lloró del alivio que sintió

2) (from monotony)

it's a relief to get out of the office once in a while — es un respiro salir de la oficina de vez en cuando

by way of light relief — a modo de diversión
comic
3) (=aid) auxilio m, ayuda f

disaster relief — auxilio a las víctimas de una catástrofe

relief efforts have been hampered by the rains — la lluvia ha dificultado las operaciones de auxilio
famine
4) (=state welfare)

to be on or get relief — (US) recibir prestaciones de la seguridad social

poor relief — (Brit) (Hist) socorro m, beneficencia f

5) (Mil) [of town] liberación f

6) (Art, Geog) relieve m

in relief — en relieve

in high/low relief — en alto/bajo relieve

to stand out in (bold or sharp or stark) relief against sth — (lit, fig) contrastar dramáticamente con algo

to throw or bring sth into (sharp) relief — (fig) poner algo de relieve, hacer resaltar algo
bas-relief
7) (=replacement) relevo m, sustituto m

8) (=exemption) (from taxation) desgravación f ; debt

9) (Jur) desagravio m

2.

CPD [train, bus] de reemplazo; [typist, secretary] suplente

relief agency N — organización f humanitaria

relief driver N — conductor(a) m / f de relevo

relief fund N — fondo m de auxilio (a los damnificados)

relief map N — mapa m físico or de relieve; (3-D) mapa m en relieve

relief organization N — organización f humanitaria

relief road N — carretera f de descongestión

relief supplies NPL — provisiones fpl de auxilio

relief troops NPL — tropas fpl de relevo

relief work N — labor f humanitaria

relief worker N — trabajador(a) m / f humanitario(-a)

relief workers — personal m de asistencia humanitaria

* * *
[rɪ'liːf]
noun

1) u (from worry, pain) alivio m

much to my relief, I wasn't late — por suerte, no llegué tarde

it's a relief that the rain's stopped/to sit down at last — menos mal que ha parado de llover/que al fin puedo sentarme

the news came as a great relief to us — respiramos aliviados or tranquilos al oír la noticia

I wanted some relief from the daily routine — quería escapar un poco de la rutina diaria

the children's antics provided some light relief — las travesuras de los niños nos entretuvieron

to give relief from pain — calmar or aliviar el dolor

2) u ( aid) ayuda f, auxilio m ( de emergencia)

to be on relief — (AmE) recibir prestaciones de la seguridad social; (before n)

relief agency — organismo de ayuda a los damnificados de una catástrofe

3) c

a) ( Mil) liberación f ( de una plaza sitiada)

b) ( replacement) relevo m; (before n) <driver, crew> de relevo

relief road — vía f de descongestión or (Méx) de libramiento

4) u c

a) (esp BrE Tax) desgravación f

b) ( redress) ( Law) desagravio m

5) u c (Art, Geog) relieve m

to stand out in relief — resaltar

to bring o throw something into relief — poner* algo de relieve; (before n)

relief map — mapa m físico or orográfico; ( three-dimensional) mapa m en relieve

English-spanish dictionary > relief
10 end

end конец, окончание - happy * счастливый конец;
счастливая развязка - to put an * to smth. положить конец чему-либо, покончить с чем-либо - to put an * to an argument положить конец спору - to bring to an * закончить, завершить - to make an of smth. закончить что-либо;
положить конец чему-либо - to come to an *, to be at an * прийти к концу, кончиться - I've come to the * of my endurance мое терпение истощилось - we'll see no * of in, there is no * to it этому конца не будет - to follow smth. to its logical * довести что-либо до логического конца - in the * в конце концов, в конечном счете - to the * of time (возвышенно) вечно, на веки веков - this will remain a secret to the * of time это навеки останется тайной - the * crowns the deed конец венчает дело конец, последняя, заключительная часть;
завершение - the * of the year конец года - the * of a sentence последняя часть предложения - a story without an * рассказ, который ничем не кончается - toward the * of 1914 к концу 1914 г. - by the * of the third quarter к концу третьего квартала - at the * of the 16th century в конце XVI столетия смерть, кончина, конец - untimely * безвременная кончина - to be near one's * быть при смерти - to come to a tragic * трагически погибнуть - to be the * (of) довести до гибели, прикончить - this cough will be the * of me этот кашель меня доконает - you will be the * of me ты меня в могилу сведешь прекращение существования - that will be the * of all war это положит конец всякой войне, войны исчезнут навсегда - the * of the world конец света конец, край - a silver watch at the * of a chain серебряные часы, подвешенные на конце цепочки - on the * of a stick на конце палки - * on концом вперед;
(морское) прямо носом или кормой - * up стоймя, прямо - * to * непрерывной цепью, впритык - at the southern * of the town в южном конце города - from one * of the country to the other из одного конца страны в другой - to sign one's name at the * of a list поставить свою подпись в конце списка - at the other * of the world на другом конце света - at the world's * на краю света;
у черта на куличках конец, сторона - to approach the subject from the wrong * подойти к вопросу не с того конца - look through the wrong * of a telescope воспринимать все в искаженном виде (американизм) аспект, сторона - the business * практическая или коммерческая сторона дела - at the consuming * со стороны потребителей;
в сфере потребления - the advertising * of insurance реклама в страховом деле - at the broadcasting * на радиостанциях (американизм) часть, отделение - our selling * наш торговый отдел, коммерческий отдел нашего предприятия остаток, обломок, обрывок, обрезок - rope's * (морское) линек, конец ( троса) (американизм) (разговорное) верх, вершина (чего-либо) ;
непревзойденное совершенство - she is the very * of feminity она воплощенная женственность торец - * elevation вид с торца, вид сбоку - * face лобовая или торцовая поверхность( специальное) комель эндсы, дилены (пиломатериалы) (текстильное) одиночная или кордная нить - * down обрыв нити - *s per inch число нитей основы на один дюйм днище( спортивное) половина поля, площадки - to change *s меняться сторонами поля (спортивное) крайний( в футболе) цель;
намерения, виды - to accomplish one's * достичь цели - to gain one's * достичь цели, добиться своего - to pursue one's own *s преследовать свои собственные цели - to work together for a common * работать на общее дело - with this * in view с этой целью, для этого - the * justifies the means цель оправдывает средства - an * in itself самоцель - to what *? для чего? с какой целью? - to that * с этой целью - to the * that... для того чтобы..., с той целью чтобы... - to no * бесцельно, бесполезно, напрасно - to serve an * служить какой-либо цели - to serve no useful * быть бесполезным - to public *s на общественные нужды, в интересах общества - to defeat one's own * идти вразрез с поставленной целью > no * бесконечно, чрезвычайно > no * obliged to you чрезвычайно вам признателем > no * disappointed ужасно разочарованный > he was no * put out он страшно обозлился, он вышел из себя > this should liven up the debate no * это должно чрезвычайно оживить дебаты > no * of масса, много > no * of trouble масса хлопот > he deserves no * of praise он заслуживает всяческих похвал > it does no * of mischief это наносит огромный вред > on * стоймя;
дыбом( о волосах) > on * беспрерывно, подряд > for hours on * целыми часами( подряд) > to be all on * быть в состоянии раздражения > at a loose * не у дел, непристроенный > to the bitter * до конца, до последнего;
до последней капли крови > to be at the * of one's rope быть в безвыходном положении > to be at the * of one's tether дойти до предела, дойти до точки > to be at one's wits' * совершенно растеряться > I am at my wits' * ума не приложу > to go (in) off the deep * взволноваться, разозлиться;
рисковать, действовать сгоряча;
пороть горячку;
не узнавши броду, сунуться в воду > to hold one's * up не сдаваться, не падать духом > to make both *s meet сводить концы с концами > to come out on the short * оказаться в невыгодном положении, опростоволоситься > to hand the short * of the stick (американизм) обвести (кого-либо) ;
поставить в невыгодное положение > to hold up one's * стойко держаться в трудном положении;
неукоснительно выполнять свой долг, принятые на себя обязательства кончать;
заканчивать - to * one's labour on a book кончить свою работу над книгой - to * off a speech with a quotation закончить выступление цитатой - we *ed the dinner up with fruit and coffee мы закончили обед фруктами и кофе - if you don't change your ways you'll * up in prison если ты не изменишь свое поведение, то кончишь тюрьмой кончаться, завершаться - to * in disaster кончиться катастрофой - to * in success завершиться успехом - how does the story *? чем кончается рассказ? - the plateau *s in a precipice плато кончается пропастью - to * in a draw (спортивное) окончить или окончиться вничью - the expedition *ed in the death of two climbers в результате экспедиции погибли два альпиниста - not all English words which * in -ly are adverbs не все английские слова, кончающиеся на -ly, являются наречиями прекращать - to * testing now and for all time прекратить испытания( ядерного оружия) немедленно и навсегда - to * the cold war положить конец холодной войне - to * one's life покончить с собой( редкое) кончиться, умереть( устаревшее) прикончить, убить > all's well that *s well (пословица) все хорошо, что хорошо кончается > to * in smoke кончиться ничем abnormal ~ вчт. аварийное завершение adjustment at year ~ корректировка на конец года the ~ justifies the means цель оправдывает средства;
any means to an end все средства хороши at the ~ в конце at the ~ of в конце (чего-л.) ;
at the end of the story в конце рассказа;
at the end of the month в конце месяца at the ~ of в конце (чего-л.) ;
at the end of the story в конце рассказа;
at the end of the month в конце месяца at the ~ of в конце (чего-л.) ;
at the end of the story в конце рассказа;
at the end of the month в конце месяца ~ pl стр. эндсы, дилены;
to be on the end of a line попасться на удочку;
to make both (или two) ends meet сводить концы с концами end амер. аспект, сторона;
the political end of (smth.) политический аспект( чего-л.) ~ днище ~ завершение ~ sl зад ~ заканчивать ~ конец, смерть;
he is near(ing) his end он умирает ~ конец, окончание ~ конец;
окончание;
предел;
end on концом вперед;
to put an end to( smth.), to make an end of( smth.) положить конец (чему-л.), уничтожить( что-л.) ~ конец ~ кончать, заканчивать ~ кончать;
заканчивать;
прекращать;
to end all wars положить конец всем войнам;
to end one's life покончить с собой ~ кончать ~ кончаться, завершаться (in, with) ;
to end in disaster окончиться катастрофой;
the story ends with the hero's death рассказ кончается смертью героя ~ край;
граница;
ends of the earth край земли;
глухомань;
the world's end край света ~ окончание ~ остаток, обломок;
обрезок;
отрывок ~ остаток ~ прекращать ~ результат, следствие;
happy end благополучная развязка, счастливый конец;
it is difficult to foresee the end трудно предвидеть результат ~ результат ~ следствие ~ смерть, кончина ~ цель;
to that end с этой целью;
to gain one's ends достичь цели;
ends and means цели и средства ~ цель ~ амер. часть, отдел;
the retail end of a business отдел розничной торговли ~ pl стр. эндсы, дилены;
to be on the end of a line попасться на удочку;
to make both (или two) ends meet сводить концы с концами ~ кончать;
заканчивать;
прекращать;
to end all wars положить конец всем войнам;
to end one's life покончить с собой ~ кончаться, завершаться (in, with) ;
to end in disaster окончиться катастрофой;
the story ends with the hero's death рассказ кончается смертью героя the ~ justifies the means цель оправдывает средства;
any means to an end все средства хороши ~ of data вчт. конец данных ~ of file, EOF вчт. конец файла ~ of financial period конец отчетного периода ~ of financial year конец финансового года ~ of loan истечение срока ссуды ~ of month конец месяца ~ of month последний день месяца ~ of period конец периода ~ of previous financial year конец предыдущего финансового года ~ of volume вчт. конец тома ~ off, ~ up оканчиваться, прекращаться, обрываться ~ конец;
окончание;
предел;
end on концом вперед;
to put an end to (smth.), to make an end of (smth.) положить конец (чему-л.), уничтожить (что-л.) ~ кончать;
заканчивать;
прекращать;
to end all wars положить конец всем войнам;
to end one's life покончить с собой to the bitter ~ до предела, до точки;
до последней капли крови;
to keep one's end up сделать все от себя зависящее;
не сдаваться;
end to end непрерывной цепью ~ off, ~ up оканчиваться, прекращаться, обрываться ~ цель;
to that end с этой целью;
to gain one's ends достичь цели;
ends and means цели и средства ~ край;
граница;
ends of the earth край земли;
глухомань;
the world's end край света ~ of file, EOF вчт. конец файла on ~ беспрерывно, подряд;
for two years on end два года подряд ~ цель;
to that end с этой целью;
to gain one's ends достичь цели;
ends and means цели и средства ~ результат, следствие;
happy end благополучная развязка, счастливый конец;
it is difficult to foresee the end трудно предвидеть результат happy: ~ счастливый;
happy man! счастливец!;
happy end счастливый конец (романа, фильма и т. п.) ;
as happy as the day is long очень счастливый ~ конец, смерть;
he is near(ing) his end он умирает no ~ of разг. прекрасный, исключительный;
he is no end of a fellow он чудесный малый;
we had no end of a time мы прекрасно провели время in the ~ в заключение;
в конечном счете;
they won the battle in the end в конечном счете они добились победы ~ результат, следствие;
happy end благополучная развязка, счастливый конец;
it is difficult to foresee the end трудно предвидеть результат to the bitter ~ до предела, до точки;
до последней капли крови;
to keep one's end up сделать все от себя зависящее;
не сдаваться;
end to end непрерывной цепью laid ~ to ~ вместе взятые low ~ невысокий результат low ~ низкая цель ~ конец;
окончание;
предел;
end on концом вперед;
to put an end to (smth.), to make an end of (smth.) положить конец (чему-л.), уничтожить (что-л.) ~ pl стр. эндсы, дилены;
to be on the end of a line попасться на удочку;
to make both (или two) ends meet сводить концы с концами no ~ разг. безмерно;
в высшей степени no ~ obliged to you чрезвычайно вам признателен no ~ of разг. много, масса;
no end of trouble масса хлопот, неприятностей no ~ of разг. прекрасный, исключительный;
he is no end of a fellow он чудесный малый;
we had no end of a time мы прекрасно провели время no: ~ end of очень много, множество;
we had no end of good time мы превосходно провели время no ~ of разг. много, масса;
no end of trouble масса хлопот, неприятностей normal ~ вчт. нормальное завершение on ~ беспрерывно, подряд;
for two years on end два года подряд on ~ стоймя;
дыбом end амер. аспект, сторона;
the political end of (smth.) политический аспект (чего-л.) position ~ позиция на конец месяца ~ конец;
окончание;
предел;
end on концом вперед;
to put an end to (smth.), to make an end of (smth.) положить конец (чему-л.), уничтожить (что-л.) ~ амер. часть, отдел;
the retail end of a business отдел розничной торговли ~ кончаться, завершаться (in, with) ;
to end in disaster окончиться катастрофой;
the story ends with the hero's death рассказ кончается смертью героя ~ цель;
to that end с этой целью;
to gain one's ends достичь цели;
ends and means цели и средства to: ~ prep указывает на цель действия на, для;
to the rescue на помощь;
to that end с этой целью in the ~ в заключение;
в конечном счете;
they won the battle in the end в конечном счете они добились победы to the bitter ~ до предела, до точки;
до последней капли крови;
to keep one's end up сделать все от себя зависящее;
не сдаваться;
end to end непрерывной цепью no ~ of разг. прекрасный, исключительный;
he is no end of a fellow он чудесный малый;
we had no end of a time мы прекрасно провели время ~ край;
граница;
ends of the earth край земли;
глухомань;
the world's end край света year ~ конец года

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > end
11 head

hed
1. noun
1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) cabeza

2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) cabeza, mente

3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) cabeza

4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; (also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) cabeza, jefe

5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) cabeza

6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) fuente, nacimiento

7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) cabecera, principio

8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) a la cabeza de, al frente de

9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) madera; cabeza

10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) director; directora

11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) por cabeza

12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) cabo, punta

13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) espuma

2. verb
1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) encabezar

2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) encabezar, estar al frente de, dirigir

3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) dirigirse a, encaminarse hacia, ir rumbo a

4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) titular

5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) cabecear, rematar con la cabeza

•

- - headed
- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head

head¹ n

1. cabeza

mind your head! ¡cuidado con la cabeza!

get that idea out of your head quítate esa idea de la cabeza

2. cabecera

the head of the table la cabecera de la mesa

3. jefe / director

the head of the company el director de la compañía

to keep your head mantener la calma

to lose your head perder la calma

head² vb

1. encabezar / ir a la cabeza

the prince headed the procession el príncipe iba a la cabeza de la procesión

2. cabecear / dar de cabeza

the forward headed the ball into the goal el delantero cabeceó el balón y lo metió en la portería

to head for... dirigirse a... / ir camino de...

I'm heading for home me dirijo a casa / voy camino de casa

head

tr[hed]

noun

1 (gen) cabeza; (mind) mente nombre femenino

■ my head was spinning la cabeza me daba vueltas

2 (on tape recorder, video) cabezal nombre masculino

3 (of bed, table) cabecera

4 (of page) principio

5 (on beer) espuma

6 (cape) cabo, punta

7 (of school, company) director,-ra

8 (cattle) res nombre femenino

■ four hundred head of cattle cuatrocientas reses, cuatrocientas cabezas de ganado

9 (coin) cara

10 (of cabbage, lettuce) cogollo; (of cauliflower) pella

adjective

1 principal, jefe

■ he's the head gardener es el jardinero jefe

transitive verb

1 (company, list etc) encabezar

■ she heads the list of winners ella encabeza la lista de ganadores

2 (ball) rematar de cabeza, dar un cabezazo a, cabecear

■ he headed the ball into the net metió un gol de un cabezazo

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

from head to toe / from head to foot de pies a cabeza

heads or tails? ¿cara o cruz?

off the top of one's head sin pensárselo, así de entrada

on your own head be it! ¡allá te las compongas!

per head por barba, por cabeza

■ it cost us £12 per head nos costó doce libras por barba

to be head over heels in love with somebody estar locamente enamorado,-a de alguien

to be off one's head estar chiflado,-a

to bite somebody's head off familiar echar una bronca a alguien

to do something standing on one's head hacer algo con los ojos vendados

to have a good head for figures tener facilidad para los números

to have a head for heights no padecer vértigo

to keep one's head above water mantenerse a flote

to keep one's head mantener la calma

to laugh one's head off reírse a carcajadas

two heads are better than one cuatro ojos ven más que dos

head teacher director,-ra

head start ventaja

head office oficina central

head ['hɛd] vt

1) lead: encabezar

2) direct: dirigir

head vi

: dirigirse

head adj

main: principal

the head office: la oficina central, la sede

head n

1) : cabeza f

from head to foot: de pies a cabeza

2) mind: mente f, cabeza f

3) tip, top: cabeza f (de un clavo, un martillo, etc.), cabecera f (de una mesa o un río), punta f (de una flecha), flor m (de un repollo, etc.), encabezamiento m (de una carta, etc.), espuma f (de cerveza)

4) director, leader: director m, -tora f; jefe m, -fa f; cabeza f (de una familia)

5) : cara f (de una moneda)

heads or tails: cara o cruz

6) : cabeza f

500 head of cattle: 500 cabezas de ganado

$10 a head: $10 por cabeza

7)

to come to a head : llegar a un punto crítico

head

adj.

• primero, -a adj.

• principal adj.

n.

• cabecera s.f.

• cabeza s.f.

• cabezuela s.f.

• director s.m.

• dirigente s.m.

• encabezamiento s.m.

• mayor s.m.

• mollera s.f.

• principal s.m.

• testa s.f.

head (s.o.) off (On the road, etc.)

expr.

• atajar v.

• cortarle el paso expr.

v.

• cabecear v.

• descabezar v.

• dirigir v.

• encabezar v.

• mandar v.

hed
I

noun

1) ( Anat) cabeza f

a fine head of hair — una buena cabellera

to stand on one's head — pararse de cabeza (AmL), hacer* el pino (Esp)

from head to foot o toe — de pies a cabeza, de arriba (a) abajo

he's a head taller than his brother — le lleva or le saca la cabeza a su hermano

head over heels: she tripped and went head over heels down the steps tropezó y cayó rodando escaleras abajo; to be head over heels in love estar* locamente or perdidamente enamorado; heads up! (AmE colloq) ojo! (fam), cuidado!; on your/his (own) head be it la responsabilidad es tuya/suya; to bang one's head against a (brick) wall darse* (con) la cabeza contra la pared; to be able to do something standing on one's head poder* hacer algo con los ojos cerrados; to bite o snap somebody's head off echarle una bronca a alguien (fam); to bury one's head in the sand hacer* como el avestruz; to get one's head down (colloq) ( work hard) ponerse* a trabajar en serio; ( settle for sleep) (BrE) irse* a dormir; to go over somebody's head ( bypassing hierarchy) pasar por encima de alguien; ( exceeding comprehension): his lecture went straight over my head no entendí nada de su conferencia; to go to somebody's head subírsele a la cabeza a alguien; to have a big o swelled o (BrE) swollen head ser* un creído; he's getting a swelled o (BrE) swollen head se le están subiendo los humos a la cabeza; to have one's head in the clouds tener* la cabeza llena de pájaros; to hold one's head up o high o up high ir* con la cabeza bien alta; to keep one's head above water mantenerse* a flote; to keep one's head down ( avoid attention) mantenerse* al margen; ( work hard) no levantar la cabeza; (lit: keep head lowered) no levantar la cabeza; to knock something on the head (colloq) dar* al traste con algo; to laugh one's head off reírse* a mandíbula batiente, desternillarse de (la) risa; to scream/shout one's head off gritar a voz en cuello; to make head or tail o (AmE also) heads or tails of something entender* algo; I can't make head or tail of it para mí esto no tiene ni pies ni cabeza; to rear one's ugly head: racism/fascism reared its ugly head again volvió a aparecer el fantasma del racismo/fascismo; to stand/be head and shoulders above somebody ( be superior) darle* cien vueltas a alguien, estar* muy por encima de alguien; to stand o turn something on its head darle* la vuelta a algo, poner* algo patas arriba (fam), dar* vuelta algo (CS); to turn somebody's head: the sort of good looks that turn heads el tipo de belleza que llama la atención or que hace que la gente se vuelva a mirar; (before n) head injury — lesión f en la cabeza

2) (mind, brain) cabeza f

I said the first thing that came into my head — dije lo primero que se me ocurrió or que me vino a la cabeza

she added it up in her head — hizo la suma mentalmente

he needs his head examined — está or anda mal de la cabeza

he has an old head on young shoulders — es muy maduro para su edad

she has a good head for business/figures — tiene cabeza para los negocios/los números

I've no head for heights — sufro de vértigo

I need to keep a clear head for the interview — tengo que estar despejado para la entrevista

use your head! — usa la cabeza!, piensa un poco!

if we put our heads together, we'll be able to think of something — si lo pensamos juntos, algo se nos ocurrirá

it never entered my head that... — ni se me pasó por la cabeza or jamás pensé que...

to get something into somebody's head — meterle* algo en la cabeza a alguien

to be off one's head — (colloq) estar* chiflado (fam), estar* or andar* mal de la cabeza

to be out of one's head — (sl) ( on drugs) estar* flipado or volado or (Col) volando or (Méx) hasta atrás (arg); ( drunk) estar* como una cuba (fam)

to be soft o weak in the head — estar* mal de la cabeza

to get one's head (a)round something: I can't get my head (a)round this new system no me entra este nuevo sistema; to have one's head screwed on (right o the right way) (colloq) tener* la cabeza bien puesta or sentada; to keep/lose one's head mantener*/perder* la calma; two heads are better than one — cuatro ojos ven más que dos

3)

a) ( of celery) cabeza f; (of nail, tack, pin) cabeza f; (of spear, arrow) punta f; ( of hammer) cabeza f, cotillo m; ( of pimple) punta f, cabeza f; ( on beer) espuma f; ( of river) cabecera f

b) (top end - of bed, table) cabecera f; (- of page, letter) encabezamiento m; (- of procession, line) cabeza f

4)

a) ( chief) director, -tora m,f

head of state/government — jefe, -fa m,f de Estado/de Gobierno

the head of the household — el/la cabeza de familia; (before n)

head buyer — jefe, -fa m,f de compras

head girl/boy — (BrE Educ) alumno elegido para representar al alumnado de un colegio

head waiter — maître m, capitán m de meseros (Méx)

b) ( head teacher) (esp BrE) director, -tora m,f (de colegio)

5)

a) ( person)

$15 per head — 15 dólares por cabeza or persona

b) pl head ( Agr)

700 head of cattle — 700 cabezas de ganado vacuno

6) ( crisis)

to come to a head — hacer* crisis, llegar* a un punto crítico

his arrival brought the conflict to a head — su llegada hizo estallar el conflicto

7)

a) ( magnetic device) (Audio, Comput) cabeza f, cabezal m

b) ( of drill) cabezal m

c) ( cylinder head) culata f

8) ( Geog) cabo m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<march/procession\>\> encabezar*, ir* a la cabeza de; \<\<list\>\> encabezar*

b) \<\<revolt\>\> acaudillar, ser* el cabecilla de; \<\<team\>\> capitanear; \<\<expedition/department\>\> dirigir*, estar* al frente de

2) ( direct) (+ adv compl) \<\<vehicle/ship\>\> dirigir*

which way are you headed? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

3) ( in soccer) \<\<ball\>\> cabecear

4) \<\<page/chapter\>\> encabezar*

2.

vi

the car was heading west — el coche iba en dirección oeste

where are you heading? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

it's time we were heading back — ya va siendo hora de que volvamos or regresemos

Phrasal Verbs:

- head for

- head off

- head up

[hed]
1. N

1) (=part of body) cabeza f

• my head aches — me duele la cabeza

• the horse won by a (short) head — el caballo ganó por una cabeza (escasa)

• he went head first into the ditch/wall — se cayó de cabeza en la zanja/se dio de cabeza contra la pared

the government is ploughing head first into another crisis — el gobierno avanza irremediablemente hacia otra crisis

• from head to foot — de pies a cabeza

• to give a horse its head — soltar las riendas a un caballo

to give sb his/her head — dar rienda suelta a algn

• wine goes to my head — el vino se me sube a la cabeza

success has gone to his head — el éxito se le ha subido a la cabeza

• head of hair — cabellera f

• to go head over heels — caer de cabeza

to fall head over heels in love with sb — enamorarse perdidamente de algn

• to keep one's head down — (lit) no levantar la cabeza; (=work hard) trabajar de lo lindo; (=avoid being noticed) intentar pasar desapercibido

• to nod one's head — decir que sí or asentir con la cabeza

• to shake one's head — decir que no or negar con la cabeza

• he stands head and shoulders above the rest — (lit) les saca más de una cabeza a los demás; (fig) los demás no le llegan a la suela del zapato

• to stand on one's head — hacer el pino

I could do it standing on my head * — lo podría hacer con los ojos cerrados

• she is a head taller than her sister — le saca una cabeza a su hermana

• from head to toe — de pies a cabeza

• I ought to bang or knock your heads together — os voy a dar un coscorrón a los dos *

• he turned his head and looked back at her — volvió la cabeza y la miró

- I can't get my head around that

- have one's head up one's arse or ass

- bite sb's head off

- put or lay one's head on the block

- get one's head down

to go over sb's head —

they went over my head to the manager — pasaron por encima de mí y fueron directamente al gerente

- hold one's head up high

with head held high — con la frente bien alta or erguida

- laugh one's head off

- stand or turn sth on its head

- on your own head be it!

- want sb's head on a plate

- turn one's head the other way

- heads will roll

- bury or hide or stick one's head in the sand

- scream/shout one's head off

- I can't make head nor or or tail of it

I can't make head nor or or tail of what he's saying — no entiendo nada de lo que dice

- turn heads

she had the kind of looks that turn heads — tenía ese tipo de belleza que llama la atención

- keep one's head above water
acid 3., cloud 1., hang 1., 1), knock, price 1., 1), rear, swell 3., 1), top I, 1., 11)
2) (=intellect, mind) cabeza f

use your head! — ¡usa la cabeza!

you never know what's going on in his head — nunca sabes lo que le está pasando por la cabeza

it's gone right out of my head — se me ha ido de la cabeza, se me ha olvidado

it was the first thing that came into my head — fue lo primero que me vino a la cabeza

• it was above their heads — no lo entendían

• it's better to come to it with a clear head in the morning — es mejor hacerlo por la mañana con la cabeza despejada

• it never entered my head — ni se me pasó por la cabeza siquiera

• you need your head examining or examined — tú estás mal de la cabeza

• to have a head for business/figures — ser bueno para los negocios/con los números

• I have no head for heights — tengo vértigo

• to do a sum in one's head — hacer un cálculo mental

he added it all up in his head — lo sumó todo mentalmente

• he has got it into his head that... — se le ha metido en la cabeza que...

I wish he would get it into his thick head that... — ya me gustaría que le entrara en ese cabezón que tiene que...

who put that (idea) into your head? — ¿quién te ha metido eso en la cabeza?

don't put ideas into his head — no le metas ideas en la cabeza

• I can't get that tune out of my head — no puedo quitarme esa música de la cabeza

• it was over their heads — no lo entendían

it went way over my head — no entendí nada

• I'm sure if we put our heads together we can work something out — estoy seguro de que si intercambiamos ideas encontraremos una solución

• to take it into one's head to do sth, he took it into his head to go to Australia — se le metió en la cabeza ir a Australia

• don't worry your head about it — no te preocupes, no le des muchas vueltas

- keep one's head

- lose one's head

- be/go off one's head

you must be off your head! — ¡estás como una cabra!

- be out of one's head

- he's got his head screwed on

- be soft or weak in the head

- go soft in the head

- all that flattery will turn his head

- two heads are better than one

3) (=leader) [of firm] director(a) m / f; (esp Brit) [of school] director(a) m / f

• head of department — (in school, firm) jefe(-a) m / f de departamento

head of French — el jefe/la jefa del departamento de francés

• head of (the) household — cabeza mf de familia

• head of state — (Pol) jefe(-a) m / f de Estado

4) (=top part) [of hammer, pin, spot] cabeza f; [of arrow, spear] punta f; [of stick, cane] puño m; [of bed, page] cabecera f; [of stairs] parte f alta; (on beer) espuma f; [of river] cabecera f, nacimiento m; [of valley] final m; [of mountain pass] cima f

at the head of — [+ organization] a la cabeza de; [+ train] en la parte delantera de

to be at the head of the class — ser el mejor de la clase

to be at the head of the league — ir a la cabeza de la liga

to be at the head of the list — encabezar la lista

to be at the head of the queue — ser el primero en la cola

to sit at the head of the table — sentarse en la cabecera de la mesa, presidir la mesa

5) (Bot) [of flower] cabeza f, flor f; [of corn] mazorca f

• a head of celery/ garlic — una cabeza de apio/ajo

• a head of lettuce — una lechuga

6) (Tech) (on tape-recorder) cabezal m, cabeza f magnética; [of cylinder] culata f; (Comput) cabeza f

reading/writing head — cabeza f de lectura/grabación

7) (=culmination)

• this will bring matters to a head — esto llevará las cosas a un punto crítico

• to come to a head — [situation] alcanzar un punto crítico

8) heads (on coin) cara f

it came down heads — salió cara

heads or tails? — ¿cara o cruz?, ¿águila o sol? (Mex)

to toss heads or tails — echar a cara o cruz

- heads I win, tails you lose

9) (no pl) (=unit)

20 head of cattle — 20 cabezas de ganado (vacuno)

£15 a or per head — 15 libras por cabeza or persona

10) (Naut) proa f

head to wind — con la proa a barlovento or de cara al viento

11) (Geog) cabo m

12) (=pressure)

head of steam — presión f de vapor

head of water — presión f de agua

13) (=height) [of water]

there has to be a head of six feet between the tank and the bath — el tanque tiene que estar a una altura de dos metros con respecto al baño

14) (=title) titular m; (=subject heading) encabezamiento m

this comes under the head of... — esto viene en el apartado de...

2. VT

1) (=be at front of) [+ procession, league, poll] encabezar, ir a la cabeza de; [+ list] encabezar

2) (=be in charge of) [+ organization] dirigir; (Sport) [+ team] capitanear

3) (=steer) [+ ship, car, plane] dirigir

4) (Ftbl) [+ goal] cabecear

to head the ball — cabecear (el balón)

5) [+ chapter] encabezar

3.

VI

where are you heading or headed? — ¿hacia dónde vas?, ¿para dónde vas?

he hitched a ride on a truck heading or headed west — hizo autostop y lo recogió un camión que iba hacia el oeste

he headed up the hill — se dirigió hacia la cima de la colina

they were heading home/back to town — volvían a casa/a la ciudad

4.

CPD

head boy N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegado m de la escuela (alumno)

head buyer N — jefe(-a) m / f de compras

head case * N — (Brit) majara * mf, chiflado(-a) * m / f

head cheese N — (US) queso m de cerdo, cabeza f de jabalí (Sp), carne f en gelatina

head chef N — chef mf, jefe(-a) m / f de cocina

head clerk N — encargado(-a) m / f

head coach N — (Sport) primer(a) entrenador(a) m / f

head cold N — resfriado m (de cabeza)

head count N — recuento m de personas

to take a head count — hacer un recuento de personas

head gardener N — jefe(-a) m / f de jardineros

head girl N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegada f de la escuela (alumna)

head height N — altura f de la cabeza

• at head height — a la altura de la cabeza

head injury N — herida f en la cabeza

head lice NPL — piojos mpl

head massage N — masaje m en la cabeza

• to give sb a head massage — masajearle la cabeza a algn, darle un masaje en la cabeza a algn

head nurse N — enfermero(-a) m / f jefe

head office N — sede f central

head prefect N — (Brit) (Scol) ≈ delegado(-a) m / f de la escuela (alumno/alumna)

head restraint N — (Aut) apoyacabezas m inv, reposacabezas m inv

head start N — ventaja f

a good education gives your child a head start in life — una buena educación sitúa a su hijo en una posición aventajada en la vida

to have a head start (over or on sb) — (Sport, fig) tener ventaja (sobre algn)

he has a head start over other candidates — tiene ventaja sobre or les lleva ventaja a otros candidatos

even if he had a head start he couldn't possibly win — ni empezando con ventaja podría ganar

head teacher N — director(a) m / f

head waiter N — maître m

head wound N — herida f en la cabeza

- head back

- head down

- head for

- head off

- head out

- head up

* * *
[hed]
I

noun

1) ( Anat) cabeza f

a fine head of hair — una buena cabellera

to stand on one's head — pararse de cabeza (AmL), hacer* el pino (Esp)

from head to foot o toe — de pies a cabeza, de arriba (a) abajo

he's a head taller than his brother — le lleva or le saca la cabeza a su hermano

head over heels: she tripped and went head over heels down the steps tropezó y cayó rodando escaleras abajo; to be head over heels in love estar* locamente or perdidamente enamorado; heads up! (AmE colloq) ojo! (fam), cuidado!; on your/his (own) head be it la responsabilidad es tuya/suya; to bang one's head against a (brick) wall darse* (con) la cabeza contra la pared; to be able to do something standing on one's head poder* hacer algo con los ojos cerrados; to bite o snap somebody's head off echarle una bronca a alguien (fam); to bury one's head in the sand hacer* como el avestruz; to get one's head down (colloq) ( work hard) ponerse* a trabajar en serio; ( settle for sleep) (BrE) irse* a dormir; to go over somebody's head ( bypassing hierarchy) pasar por encima de alguien; ( exceeding comprehension): his lecture went straight over my head no entendí nada de su conferencia; to go to somebody's head subírsele a la cabeza a alguien; to have a big o swelled o (BrE) swollen head ser* un creído; he's getting a swelled o (BrE) swollen head se le están subiendo los humos a la cabeza; to have one's head in the clouds tener* la cabeza llena de pájaros; to hold one's head up o high o up high ir* con la cabeza bien alta; to keep one's head above water mantenerse* a flote; to keep one's head down ( avoid attention) mantenerse* al margen; ( work hard) no levantar la cabeza; (lit: keep head lowered) no levantar la cabeza; to knock something on the head (colloq) dar* al traste con algo; to laugh one's head off reírse* a mandíbula batiente, desternillarse de (la) risa; to scream/shout one's head off gritar a voz en cuello; to make head or tail o (AmE also) heads or tails of something entender* algo; I can't make head or tail of it para mí esto no tiene ni pies ni cabeza; to rear one's ugly head: racism/fascism reared its ugly head again volvió a aparecer el fantasma del racismo/fascismo; to stand/be head and shoulders above somebody ( be superior) darle* cien vueltas a alguien, estar* muy por encima de alguien; to stand o turn something on its head darle* la vuelta a algo, poner* algo patas arriba (fam), dar* vuelta algo (CS); to turn somebody's head: the sort of good looks that turn heads el tipo de belleza que llama la atención or que hace que la gente se vuelva a mirar; (before n) head injury — lesión f en la cabeza

2) (mind, brain) cabeza f

I said the first thing that came into my head — dije lo primero que se me ocurrió or que me vino a la cabeza

she added it up in her head — hizo la suma mentalmente

he needs his head examined — está or anda mal de la cabeza

he has an old head on young shoulders — es muy maduro para su edad

she has a good head for business/figures — tiene cabeza para los negocios/los números

I've no head for heights — sufro de vértigo

I need to keep a clear head for the interview — tengo que estar despejado para la entrevista

use your head! — usa la cabeza!, piensa un poco!

if we put our heads together, we'll be able to think of something — si lo pensamos juntos, algo se nos ocurrirá

it never entered my head that... — ni se me pasó por la cabeza or jamás pensé que...

to get something into somebody's head — meterle* algo en la cabeza a alguien

to be off one's head — (colloq) estar* chiflado (fam), estar* or andar* mal de la cabeza

to be out of one's head — (sl) ( on drugs) estar* flipado or volado or (Col) volando or (Méx) hasta atrás (arg); ( drunk) estar* como una cuba (fam)

to be soft o weak in the head — estar* mal de la cabeza

to get one's head (a)round something: I can't get my head (a)round this new system no me entra este nuevo sistema; to have one's head screwed on (right o the right way) (colloq) tener* la cabeza bien puesta or sentada; to keep/lose one's head mantener*/perder* la calma; two heads are better than one — cuatro ojos ven más que dos

3)

a) ( of celery) cabeza f; (of nail, tack, pin) cabeza f; (of spear, arrow) punta f; ( of hammer) cabeza f, cotillo m; ( of pimple) punta f, cabeza f; ( on beer) espuma f; ( of river) cabecera f

b) (top end - of bed, table) cabecera f; (- of page, letter) encabezamiento m; (- of procession, line) cabeza f

4)

a) ( chief) director, -tora m,f

head of state/government — jefe, -fa m,f de Estado/de Gobierno

the head of the household — el/la cabeza de familia; (before n)

head buyer — jefe, -fa m,f de compras

head girl/boy — (BrE Educ) alumno elegido para representar al alumnado de un colegio

head waiter — maître m, capitán m de meseros (Méx)

b) ( head teacher) (esp BrE) director, -tora m,f (de colegio)

5)

a) ( person)

$15 per head — 15 dólares por cabeza or persona

b) pl head ( Agr)

700 head of cattle — 700 cabezas de ganado vacuno

6) ( crisis)

to come to a head — hacer* crisis, llegar* a un punto crítico

his arrival brought the conflict to a head — su llegada hizo estallar el conflicto

7)

a) ( magnetic device) (Audio, Comput) cabeza f, cabezal m

b) ( of drill) cabezal m

c) ( cylinder head) culata f

8) ( Geog) cabo m

II
1.

transitive verb

1)

a) \<\<march/procession\>\> encabezar*, ir* a la cabeza de; \<\<list\>\> encabezar*

b) \<\<revolt\>\> acaudillar, ser* el cabecilla de; \<\<team\>\> capitanear; \<\<expedition/department\>\> dirigir*, estar* al frente de

2) ( direct) (+ adv compl) \<\<vehicle/ship\>\> dirigir*

which way are you headed? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

3) ( in soccer) \<\<ball\>\> cabecear

4) \<\<page/chapter\>\> encabezar*

2.

vi

the car was heading west — el coche iba en dirección oeste

where are you heading? — ¿hacia or para dónde vas?

it's time we were heading back — ya va siendo hora de que volvamos or regresemos

Phrasal Verbs:

- head for

- head off

- head up

English-spanish dictionary > head
12 head

I 1. [hed]
nome

1) testa f.

he put his head round the door — sporse la testa o fece capolino dalla porta

my head aches — ho mal di testa, mi fa male la testa

to have a fine head of hair — avere una bella capigliatura

to keep one's head down tenere la testa bassa, stare a capo chino; fig. (be inconspicuous) non dare nell'occhio; (work hard) lavorare a testa bassa; from head to foot o toe dalla testa ai piedi; the decision was made over their heads la decisione fu presa senza consultarli; heads turned at the sight of... tutti si voltarono alla vista di...; to be a head taller than sb. o to be taller than sb. by a head — essere più alto di qcn. di tutta una testa

2) (mind) testa f., mente f.

I can't get it into her head that — non riesco a farle entrare in testa che

he has got it into his head that — si è messo in testa che

I can't get that tune out of my head — non riesco a togliermi dalla testa quel motivo

you can put that idea out of your head! — puoi scordartelo! toglitelo dalla testa!

all these interruptions have put it out of my head — tutte queste interruzioni me l'hanno fatto passare di mente

the name has gone right out of my head — ho completamente dimenticato il nome

I can't add them up in my head — non riesco ad addizionarli a mente

to be above o over sb.'s head essere troppo difficile per qcn., essere fuori dalla portata di qcn.; her success has turned her head il successo le ha montato la testa; to have a (good) head for business avere il bernoccolo degli affari; to have no head for heights — soffrire di vertigini

3) (leader) capo m.

at the head of — alla testa di

head of government, State — capo del governo, di stato

head of department — amm. caporeparto; scol. direttore di dipartimento

head of personnel — capo del personale

4) (individual person or animal)

Ј 10 a head o per head 10 sterline a testa; 50 head of cattle — 50 capi di bestiame

5) (of pin, nail) testa f., capocchia f.; (of hammer, golf club) testa f.; (of axe) lama f., taglio m.; (of spear, arrow) punta f.; (of tennis racket) ovale m.; (of stick) pomo m.

6) (of bed) testiera f., testata f.; (of table) capotavola m.; (of procession) testa f.; (of pier, river, valley) testata f.

at the head of the stairs, list — in cima alle scale, alla lista

at the head of the queue — all'inizio della fila

7) (of lettuce) cespo m.; (of garlic) testa f.

8) (of computer, tape recorder) testina f.

9) (on beer) colletto m. di schiuma

10) (on boil, spot) punta f.

to come to a head — [ spot] maturare; fig. [ crisis] precipitare

to bring [sth.] to a head — med. fare maturare [ abscess]; fig. fare precipitare [ crisis]; fare giungere alla fase cruciale [ situation]

11) geogr. capo m., promontorio m.
2.
nome plurale heads (tossing coin)

"heads or tails?" — "testa o croce?"

"heads!" — "testa!"

heads we go — (se esce) testa andiamo
3.
modificatore

1) [ injury] alla testa

2) (chief)

head cook — capocuoco

head gardener — giardiniere capo
4.
aggettivo - headed in composti

black -head ed bird — uccello dalla testa nera

red -head ed boy — ragazzo con i capelli rossi

two -head ed monster — mostro a due teste

••

on your own head be it! — la responsabilità è tua!

to go to sb.'s head — [alcohol, success] dare alla testa a qcn.

you've won, but don't let it go to your head — hai vinto, ma non montarti la testa

are you off your head? — sei fuori di testa?

to keep, lose one's head — mantenere, perdere la calma

to be soft o weak in the head colloq. essere rincretinito; he's not right in the head colloq. non ci sta (tanto) con la testa; to laugh one's head off colloq. sganasciarsi dalle risate; to shout one's head off colloq. gridare a squarciagola; she talked my head off colloq. mi ha fatto una testa (grande) così; off the top of one's head [say, answer] su due piedi, senza pensarci; to give a horse its head allentare le briglie al cavallo; to be able to do sth. standing on one's head riuscire a fare qcs. anche a occhi bendati; I can't make head (n)or tail of it non riesco a venirne a capo, non ci capisco niente; the leaders put their heads together i dirigenti si sono consultati; two heads are better than one — prov. quattro occhi vedono meglio di due
II 1. [hed]
verbo transitivo

1) (be at the top of) essere in testa a [list, queue]

2) (be in charge of) essere a capo di, dirigere [ firm]; guidare, essere alla testa di [ committee]; capitanare [ team]; condurre [ inquiry]; guidare [ expedition]

3) (entitle) intitolare [article, essay]; intestare [ letter]

headed writing paper — carta da lettere intestata

4) (steer) condurre, dirigere [vehicle, boat]

he headed the sheep away from the cliff — fece allontanare le pecore dal dirupo

5) sport

to head the ball — fare un colpo di testa, colpire la palla di testa

he headed the ball into the net — segnò di testa
2.
verbo intransitivo

where was the train headed o heading? dove era diretto il treno? to head south, north mar. dirigersi verso sud, nord; it's time to head home è ora di tornare a casa; look out! he's heading this way! — attento! viene da questa parte!

- head for

- head off

* * *
[hed] 1. noun
1) (the top part of the human body, containing the eyes, mouth, brain etc; the same part of an animal's body: The stone hit him on the head; He scratched his head in amazement.) testa

2) (a person's mind: An idea came into my head last night.) testa

3) (the height or length of a head: The horse won by a head.) testa

4) (the chief or most important person (of an organization, country etc): Kings and presidents are heads of state; ( also adjective) a head waiter; the head office.) capo; direttore, direttrice

5) (anything that is like a head in shape or position: the head of a pin; The boy knocked the heads off the flowers.) testa

6) (the place where a river, lake etc begins: the head of the Nile.) sorgente

7) (the top, or the top part, of anything: Write your address at the head of the paper; the head of the table.) capo, cima; capotavola

8) (the front part: He walked at the head of the procession.) testa

9) (a particular ability or tolerance: He has no head for heights; She has a good head for figures.) testa

10) (a headmaster or headmistress: You'd better ask the Head.) direttore, direttrice

11) ((for) one person: This dinner costs $10 a head.) (a) persona

12) (a headland: Beachy Head.) capo

13) (the foam on the top of a glass of beer etc.) (colletto di schiuma di birra)
2. verb
1) (to go at the front of or at the top of (something): The procession was headed by the band; Whose name headed the list?) capitanare, guidare, essere in testa a

2) (to be in charge of; to be the leader of: He heads a team of scientists investigating cancer.) essere a capo di

3) ((often with for) to (cause to) move in a certain direction: The explorers headed south; The boys headed for home; You're heading for disaster!) dirigersi verso

4) (to put or write something at the beginning of: His report was headed `Ways of Preventing Industrial Accidents'.) intitolare

5) ((in football) to hit the ball with the head: He headed the ball into the goal.) colpire di testa

•

- - headed
- header
- heading
- heads
- headache
- headband
- head-dress
- headfirst
- headgear
- headlamp
- headland
- headlight
- headline
- headlines
- headlong
- head louse
- headmaster
- head-on
- headphones
- headquarters
- headrest
- headscarf
- headsquare
- headstone
- headstrong
- headwind
- above someone's head
- go to someone's head
- head off
- head over heels
- heads or tails?
- keep one's head
- lose one's head
- make head or tail of
- make headway
- off one's head
* * *
I 1. [hed]
nome

1) testa f.

he put his head round the door — sporse la testa o fece capolino dalla porta

my head aches — ho mal di testa, mi fa male la testa

to have a fine head of hair — avere una bella capigliatura

to keep one's head down tenere la testa bassa, stare a capo chino; fig. (be inconspicuous) non dare nell'occhio; (work hard) lavorare a testa bassa; from head to foot o toe dalla testa ai piedi; the decision was made over their heads la decisione fu presa senza consultarli; heads turned at the sight of... tutti si voltarono alla vista di...; to be a head taller than sb. o to be taller than sb. by a head — essere più alto di qcn. di tutta una testa

2) (mind) testa f., mente f.

I can't get it into her head that — non riesco a farle entrare in testa che

he has got it into his head that — si è messo in testa che

I can't get that tune out of my head — non riesco a togliermi dalla testa quel motivo

you can put that idea out of your head! — puoi scordartelo! toglitelo dalla testa!

all these interruptions have put it out of my head — tutte queste interruzioni me l'hanno fatto passare di mente

the name has gone right out of my head — ho completamente dimenticato il nome

I can't add them up in my head — non riesco ad addizionarli a mente

to be above o over sb.'s head essere troppo difficile per qcn., essere fuori dalla portata di qcn.; her success has turned her head il successo le ha montato la testa; to have a (good) head for business avere il bernoccolo degli affari; to have no head for heights — soffrire di vertigini

3) (leader) capo m.

at the head of — alla testa di

head of government, State — capo del governo, di stato

head of department — amm. caporeparto; scol. direttore di dipartimento

head of personnel — capo del personale

4) (individual person or animal)

Ј 10 a head o per head 10 sterline a testa; 50 head of cattle — 50 capi di bestiame

5) (of pin, nail) testa f., capocchia f.; (of hammer, golf club) testa f.; (of axe) lama f., taglio m.; (of spear, arrow) punta f.; (of tennis racket) ovale m.; (of stick) pomo m.

6) (of bed) testiera f., testata f.; (of table) capotavola m.; (of procession) testa f.; (of pier, river, valley) testata f.

at the head of the stairs, list — in cima alle scale, alla lista

at the head of the queue — all'inizio della fila

7) (of lettuce) cespo m.; (of garlic) testa f.

8) (of computer, tape recorder) testina f.

9) (on beer) colletto m. di schiuma

10) (on boil, spot) punta f.

to come to a head — [ spot] maturare; fig. [ crisis] precipitare

to bring [sth.] to a head — med. fare maturare [ abscess]; fig. fare precipitare [ crisis]; fare giungere alla fase cruciale [ situation]

11) geogr. capo m., promontorio m.
2.
nome plurale heads (tossing coin)

"heads or tails?" — "testa o croce?"

"heads!" — "testa!"

heads we go — (se esce) testa andiamo
3.
modificatore

1) [ injury] alla testa

2) (chief)

head cook — capocuoco

head gardener — giardiniere capo
4.
aggettivo - headed in composti

black -head ed bird — uccello dalla testa nera

red -head ed boy — ragazzo con i capelli rossi

two -head ed monster — mostro a due teste

••

on your own head be it! — la responsabilità è tua!

to go to sb.'s head — [alcohol, success] dare alla testa a qcn.

you've won, but don't let it go to your head — hai vinto, ma non montarti la testa

are you off your head? — sei fuori di testa?

to keep, lose one's head — mantenere, perdere la calma

to be soft o weak in the head colloq. essere rincretinito; he's not right in the head colloq. non ci sta (tanto) con la testa; to laugh one's head off colloq. sganasciarsi dalle risate; to shout one's head off colloq. gridare a squarciagola; she talked my head off colloq. mi ha fatto una testa (grande) così; off the top of one's head [say, answer] su due piedi, senza pensarci; to give a horse its head allentare le briglie al cavallo; to be able to do sth. standing on one's head riuscire a fare qcs. anche a occhi bendati; I can't make head (n)or tail of it non riesco a venirne a capo, non ci capisco niente; the leaders put their heads together i dirigenti si sono consultati; two heads are better than one — prov. quattro occhi vedono meglio di due
II 1. [hed]
verbo transitivo

1) (be at the top of) essere in testa a [list, queue]

2) (be in charge of) essere a capo di, dirigere [ firm]; guidare, essere alla testa di [ committee]; capitanare [ team]; condurre [ inquiry]; guidare [ expedition]

3) (entitle) intitolare [article, essay]; intestare [ letter]

headed writing paper — carta da lettere intestata

4) (steer) condurre, dirigere [vehicle, boat]

he headed the sheep away from the cliff — fece allontanare le pecore dal dirupo

5) sport

to head the ball — fare un colpo di testa, colpire la palla di testa

he headed the ball into the net — segnò di testa
2.
verbo intransitivo

where was the train headed o heading? dove era diretto il treno? to head south, north mar. dirigersi verso sud, nord; it's time to head home è ora di tornare a casa; look out! he's heading this way! — attento! viene da questa parte!

- head for

- head off

English-Italian dictionary > head
13 head

1. [hed] n
I

1. 1) голова

bald head - лысая голова, лысина

bullet head - круглая голова

taller by a head, a head taller - на голову выше

a blow on the head - удар по голове

a nod of the head - утвердительный кивок головы

to shake one's head - отрицательно покачать головой [ср. тж. ♢ ]

to toss one's head - тряхнуть головой

to fall head first - упасть головой вперёд

to dive head downwards /foremost/ - а) нырять головой вниз; б) действовать опрометчиво /необдуманно/

to feel heavy in the head - ощущать тяжесть в голове

to cut off smb.'s head - обезглавить кого-л.; снести кому-л. голову

to win by a head спорт. - а) опередить на голову; б) еле-еле выиграть ( на скачках; тж. to win by short head)

a price was set on his head - за его голову была назначена награда

my head aches - у меня болит голова

my head swims - у меня голова кружится, у меня всё плывёт перед глазами

the blood rushed (in)to his head - кровь бросилась ему в голову

2) головной портрет, изображение головы

3) жизнь

it will cost him his head - он поплатится за это головой, это будет стоить ему жизни

2. 1) ум, рассудок; способности

a clear head - ясный ум

a cool head - трезвый ум, рассудительный человек [см. тж. ♢ ]

a hot head - горячая голова, горячий /вспыльчивый/ человек

a wise head - а) умная голова, умница; б) ирон. умник

a wooden head - тупица

to have a (good) head on one's shoulders - иметь хорошую /светлую/ голову

to use one's head - шевелить мозгами

use your head - подумай хорошенько

to trouble /to bother/ one's head about smth. - а) беспокоиться о чём-л.; б) ломать голову над чем-л.

to take smth. into one's head, to take it into one's head to do smth. - вбить /забрать/ себе что-л. в голову

to keep smth. in one's head - держать что-л. в голове; хранить что-л. в памяти

to be above smb. 's head - быть выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

he has a good [a poor] head for figures - ему хорошо [плохо] даётся арифметика

it came into his head - ему пришло /взбрело/ в голову

it never entered his head to help me - ему и в голову не пришло помочь мне

something put /sent/ it out of my head - это почему-то вылетело /выскочило/ у меня из головы, я почему-то забыл об этом

2) (физиологическая) переносимость, способность

he has a good head for heights - он хорошо переносит высоту

he has a good /strong/ head for drink - он может много выпить

3. человек

the wiser heads - мудрецы

the crowned heads (of Europe) - коронованные особы (Европы)

ten dollars a /per/ head - по десяти долларов с человека /с каждого/

to count heads - считать по головам ( присутствующих)

4. (pl без измен.) голова скота

a thousand head of cattle - тысяча голов скота

the park feeds about 40 head of deer - в парке насчитывается около 40 оленей

5. 1) стадо; стая (птиц)

a large head of game - огромное скопление дичи

2) с.-х. поголовье

6. амер. разг. головная боль (особ. с похмелья)

he has a head - у него голова болит с похмелья

I've got a bad /awful, thick/ head - у меня голова раскалывается /трещит/

7. сл. рот

to keep one's head shut - не болтать; помалкивать, попридержать язык

8. рога ( оленя)

9. уст. причёска; волосы

I combed his head - я причесал его

10. амер. сл.

1) наркоман

2) фанатик, страстный поклонник, болельщик

a film head - большой любитель кино

II

1. 1) верхняя часть (чего-л.); верх, верхушка

the head of a mountain - вершина горы

the head of the stairs - верхняя площадка лестницы

2) мор. топ ( мачты)

2. 1) передняя, головная часть (чего-л.); перёд

the head of a procession [of a column] - голова процессии [колонны]

heads of a bridge - головные части моста

the head of the street - начало улицы

at the head of the page [of the list, of the chapter] - в начале страницы [списка, главы]

at the head of the table - во главе стола, на почётном месте

at the head of the bed - у изголовья кровати

to be at the head of the field /pace/ - спорт. вести бег

I waited at the head of the line - я был первым в очереди

2) мор. передняя, носовая часть судна; нос ( судна)

head to sea - против волны

down by the head - а) на нос; б) образн. подвыпивший

be in the position ❝head to wind❞ - «стать в левентик» ( парусный спорт)

3. продвижение вперёд, прогресс

to make (no) head - (не) двигаться вперёд

we are making head at last - мы, наконец, добились сдвигов

the movement gathered head - движение набирало силу

4. крона ( дерева)

5. 1) головка

the head of a flower - головка цветка

a head of cabbage - кочан капусты

2) колос, метёлка ( злаковых)

6. главный исток, верховье ( реки)

7. заглавие, заголовок; рубрика, параграф

heads of chapters - названия глав

a document arranged under five heads - документ, состоящий из пяти разделов /пунктов/

under different heads - под разными рубриками

8. 1) мед. назревшая головка ( нарыва)

to come /to draw/ to a head, to gather head - назреть ( о нарыве) [см. тж. 2)]

2) критическая точка, перелом; кризис

to come to a head - достигнуть критической стадии [см. тж. 1)]

trouble coming to a head - беда, которая вот-вот разразится

to bring smth. to a head - а) обострять что-л.; вызывать кризис; б) доводить что-л. до конца, заканчивать что-л.

9. 1) головка (булавки, винта и т. п.); цилиндрическая головка ( болта)

2) шляпка ( гвоздя)

3) обух ( топора); боёк ( молота); лоб ( зубила)

4) набалдашник ( трости)

5) наконечник ( стрелы)

6) головка ( теннисной ракетки)

7) воен. головка снаряда

8) тех. насадка, ригель

9) вчт. головка

print head - печатающая головка

10. pl лицевая сторона ( монеты); орёл

heads or tails? - орёл или решка?

heads I win, tails you lose - если выпадет орёл, я выигрываю, а если решка - ты проигрываешь; ты проигрываешь в любом случае

11. 1) пена (на пиве и т. п.)

with a head on - с шапкой пены, пенящийся

2) сливки ( на молоке)

12. подъёмный навес; откидной верх (экипажа, автомобиля)

a car with a folding /sliding/ head - автомобиль с открывающимся верхом, открытый автомобиль

13. 1) днище (бочки, цистерны и т. п.)

2) редк. кожа, натянутая на барабане

14. элк., радио магнитная головка (тж. magnetic head)

15. тех. бабка ( станка)

16. тех. подвижной штамп

17. стр. верхний брус ( оконной или дверной коробки)

18. архит. капитель, замочный камень ( свода)

19. 1) тж. pl горн. богатый концентрат

2) pl хим. головной погон, головная фракция ( при перегонке)

20. гидр. разность уровней; напор, высота напора, давление ( столба жидкости)

to flow by heads - течь прерывистой струёй /толчками/; течь с перебоями

21. метал. литник, прибыль ( при литье)

22. геогр. мыс ( часто в названиях)

23. амер.

1) мор. жарг. гальюн

2) прост. уборная, туалет

III

1. 1) глава, руководитель, начальник; главный, старший

the Head - разг. начальник, главный, старший

the head of the family - глава семьи

the head of a department - амер. руководитель отделения колледжа или университета

Head of Government [of State] - глава правительства [государства]

the head of a party - руководитель партии

the Head of the Army - командующий вооружёнными силами, главнокомандующий

2) вождь; вожак; предводитель

the head of a clan - вождь племени

3) = headmaster

2. верхушка; руководство; головка

3. ведущее, руководящее положение

at the head of the whole business - во главе всего предприятия

to be at [to rise to] the head of one's class - быть [стать] первым /лучшим/ учеником в классе

4. лингв. вершина, стержневое слово, «хозяин» ( конструкции)

head of a nominal expression - вершина /главный член/ именной конструкции

♢

a head of hair - шапка /копна/ волос

a good head of hair - густая шевелюра

raw head and broody bones - а) изображение черепа с двумя скрещёнными костями; б) пугало, что-л. страшное

scare head - амер. большой сенсационный заголовок ( в газете)

an old head on young shoulders - ≅ мудрый не по летам

big head and little wit - ≅ лоб широк, да мозгу мало

off /out of/ one's head - сошедший с ума, спятивший; не в своём уме

to go off /out of/ one's head - сойти с ума, рехнуться

on one's head - а) на чьей-л. ответственности; б) на чьей-л. совести; в) = standing on one's head

standing on one's head - легко, без труда

I can do it standing on my head - мне ничего не стоит это сделать; я сделаю это с закрытыми глазами

soft /weak/ in the head - придурковатый, глупый, слабоумный

he is weak in the head - у него слабые умственные способности

light in the head - а) испытывающий головокружение; it made him feel light in the head - от этого у него закружилась голова; б) глупый; в) спятивший, сумасшедший

he is touched in the head - ≅ у него не все дома; у него винтика не хватает

out of one's own head - из собственной головы, выдуманный, сочинённый

by the head and ears - насильно

over head and ears, head over ears (in love, in debt) - по уши (влюблённый, в долгу)

head over heels, heels over head - а) вверх тормашками, вверх ногами; б) кубарем, кувырком; поспешно; в) до крайности, весьма

head over heels in love - влюблённый по уши

from head to foot /heel/ - с головы до пят

over /above/ smb.'s head - а) через чью-л. голову, не поставив в известность кого-л.; б) выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

one's head off - до крайней степени; весьма; изо всех сил

to work one's head off - работать до упаду /как вол/

to shout one's head off - кричать во всю глотку /что есть мочи/

be snored his head off - он громко храпел

to eat one's head off - а) наесться; объесться; есть много или долго; б) не окупать себя, не оправдывать своей работой стоимости содержания; в) ручаться

I'll eat my head off, I'll give my head for it - даю голову на отсечение, ручаюсь

to talk smb.'s head off - заговорить кого-л., замучить кого-л. разговорами

to bite off smb.'s head, to snag /to eat/ smb.'s head off - резко, грубо оборвать кого-л. /огрызнуться/

to beat smb.'s head off - разбить кого-л. наголову

to be head and shoulders above others - быть на голову /неизмеримо/ выше других

heads up! - а) берегись!, осторожнее!; б) посторонись!; heads up, everybody! - посторонись!, с дороги!; в) усилить наблюдение за воздухом! ( команда); г) внимание!; мяч!; сверху! (возглас игрока, пытающегося привлечь внимание к летящему мячу)

to keep [to lose] one's head - сохранять спокойствие /присутствие духа/ [потерять голову]

to keep a cool head - сохранять хладнокровие, не терять голову [см. тж. I 2]

to lift up one's head - снова поднять голову, воспрянуть духом

to show one's head - появляться публично

to turn smb.'s head - вскружить кому-л. голову

to take the head - а) понести, закусить удила ( о лошади); б) выйти из повиновения, пуститься во все тяжкие

to hide one's head - стыдиться; не знать, куда деваться от стыда, прятать глаза

to hang /to have/ one's head down - а) стыдиться; б) повесить голову

to stand with one's head down - стоять понурив голову

to hold one's head up, to carry one's head high - высоко держать голову

to keep one's head down - затаиться

to shake one's head at smth. - а) усомниться в чём-л.; б) не одобрять чего-л.; [ср. тж. I 1, 1)]

to stake one's head on smth., to give one's head for smth. - ручаться головой за что-л., давать голову на отсечение

to put one's head in a noose - самому в петлю лезть

to make head against smb., smth. - а) подниматься /восставать/ против кого-л., чего-л.; успешно сопротивляться; б) продвигаться вперёд, несмотря на противодействие

to break one's head over smth. - ломать голову над чем-л.

to bury /to hide/ one's head in the sand - зарывать /прятать/ голову в песок; придерживаться страусовой политики

to hold /to keep/ one's head above water - едва сводить концы с концами, едва перебиваться

to keep one's head above ground - выжить

to get a swelled head, to go about with one's head in the air - важничать, задаваться

to beat /to bang/ one's head against the wall - ≅ биться головой об стену, пытаться прошибить лбом стену

to have one's head in the clouds - ≅ витать в облаках

to give one's head for the washing - покорно сносить оскорбления

to wash an ass's head - попусту стараться, затрачивать энергию зря

to knock smb.'s heads together - решительными мерами примирить ссорящихся

to lay /to put/ heads together - совещаться; совместно консультироваться, обсуждать

to make head or tail of smth. - понять что-л., разобраться в чём-л.

not to /to be unable to/ make head or tail of smth. - запутаться в чём-л., не суметь /быть не в состоянии/ разобраться в чём-л.

to give smb. his head - дать кому-л. волю; разрешить кому-л. действовать по своему усмотрению

to go to the head - а) опьянить, броситься в голову ( о вине); the whisky has gone to his head - виски ударило ему в голову; б) вскружить голову

his successes have gone to his head - успех вскружил ему голову

to stand on one's head - ≅ ходить на голове

to hit the nail on the head - попасть в точку, угадать

to have a cold in the head - простудиться

he has a cold in the head - он простудился, у него насморк

to knock smth. on the head - положить конец чему-л., покончить с чем-л.

to fling oneself at smb.'s head - ≅ вешаться кому-л. на шею

to do smth. on one's own head - сделать что-л. с лёгкостью /без труда/

on your head be it - а) пусть это будет на вашей совести; вы за это ответите; б) пусть возмездие обрушится на вашу голову

to cut /to make/ shorter by the head - обезглавить

heads will /would, are likely to/ roll - ≅ многих /кое-кого/ накажут /снимут с работы/

two heads are better than one - посл. ≅ ум хорошо, а два лучше

better be the head of a dog, than the tail of a lion - посл. ≅ лучше быть первым в деревне, чем последним в городе
2. [hed] a
1. 1) верхний; передний; головной

2) главный, старший

head nurse - старшая медицинская сестра

head waiter - метрдотель

head electrician - кино бригадир осветителей

the head man of the tribe - старейшина племени

2. встречный

head tide - встречное течение

head wind - встречный /противный/ ветер

head sea - встречная волна

3. предназначенный для ношения на голове; головной
3. [hed] v
1. возглавлять, стоять во главе; идти, стоять впереди

to head an army [a procession, a parade, an expedition] - возглавлять армию [процессию, парад, экспедицию]

to head the poll - получить большинство голосов

2. превосходить; быть первым

he heads all the records - он бьёт все рекорды

3. 1) озаглавливать; начинать (какими-л. словами)

to head a section - озаглавить раздел

to head a letter with the date - поставить число в начале письма

the article is headed... - статья озаглавлена...

2) начинать, быть началом, открывать (текст и т. п.)

these words head the charge - так /такими словами/ начинается обвинительное заключение

his name heads the list - в списке его имя стоит первым

4. 1) направлять

to head a boat towards shore - направить лодку к берегу

to head smb. to the proper door - показать кому-л. нужную дверь, направить кого-л. в нужную комнату

he headed his flock for home - он погнал стадо домой

2) направляться; держать курс (куда-л.)

to head south - держать курс на юг

to head straight for one's destination - направиться прямо к месту назначения

how does the ship head? - куда направляется судно?

5. 1) мешать, препятствовать ( движению)

to head a flock of sheep - преградить путь стаду овец

2) уступать (кому-л.) дорогу

3) подниматься к истокам (реки, ручья и т. п.); обходить (реку, ручей и т. п.)

the traveller headed the stream instead of crossing it - путешественник не стал переправляться через ручей, а обошёл /обогнул/ его

4) двигаться навстречу (чему-л.)

he headed the driving snow - он шёл в пургу против ветра, снег бил ему в лицо

5) (for) навлекать на себя, напрашиваться

to head for trouble - навлекать на себя неприятности; ≅ лезть на рожон

you are heading for disaster - ты неминуемо попадёшь в беду

6. брать начало, вытекать ( о реке)

the Potomac heads in the Alleghanies - река Потомак берёт начало в Аллеганских горах

7. насаживать, приделывать головку (к булавке, гвоздю, стреле и т. п.; тж. head up)

to head (up) a barrel - вставлять днище в бочку

8. (тж. head up)

1) завиваться, образовывать кочаны (о капусте и т. п.)

2) колоситься ( о злаковых)

9. 1) нарвать, созреть ( о нарыве)

2) достигать наивысшей, критической точки

10. 1) срезать верхушку (дерева, растения; тж. head down)

2) снимать, обрезать ( корку)

3) обезглавливать

to head and gut fish - удалить у рыбы голову и внутренности

11. отбивать мяч головой; играть головой (тж. head in; футбол)

to head the ball - отбить мяч головой

he headed the goal to equalize - он головой забил гол и сравнял счёт

♢ to head a trick - карт. бить /брать взятку/ старшей картой

НБАРС > head
14 head

1. [hed] n
I

1. 1) голова

bald head - лысая голова, лысина

bullet head - круглая голова

taller by a head, a head taller - на голову выше

a blow on the head - удар по голове

a nod of the head - утвердительный кивок головы

to shake one's head - отрицательно покачать головой [ср. тж. ♢ ]

to toss one's head - тряхнуть головой

to fall head first - упасть головой вперёд

to dive head downwards /foremost/ - а) нырять головой вниз; б) действовать опрометчиво /необдуманно/

to feel heavy in the head - ощущать тяжесть в голове

to cut off smb.'s head - обезглавить кого-л.; снести кому-л. голову

to win by a head спорт. - а) опередить на голову; б) еле-еле выиграть ( на скачках; тж. to win by short head)

a price was set on his head - за его голову была назначена награда

my head aches - у меня болит голова

my head swims - у меня голова кружится, у меня всё плывёт перед глазами

the blood rushed (in)to his head - кровь бросилась ему в голову

2) головной портрет, изображение головы

3) жизнь

it will cost him his head - он поплатится за это головой, это будет стоить ему жизни

2. 1) ум, рассудок; способности

a clear head - ясный ум

a cool head - трезвый ум, рассудительный человек [см. тж. ♢ ]

a hot head - горячая голова, горячий /вспыльчивый/ человек

a wise head - а) умная голова, умница; б) ирон. умник

a wooden head - тупица

to have a (good) head on one's shoulders - иметь хорошую /светлую/ голову

to use one's head - шевелить мозгами

use your head - подумай хорошенько

to trouble /to bother/ one's head about smth. - а) беспокоиться о чём-л.; б) ломать голову над чем-л.

to take smth. into one's head, to take it into one's head to do smth. - вбить /забрать/ себе что-л. в голову

to keep smth. in one's head - держать что-л. в голове; хранить что-л. в памяти

to be above smb. 's head - быть выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

he has a good [a poor] head for figures - ему хорошо [плохо] даётся арифметика

it came into his head - ему пришло /взбрело/ в голову

it never entered his head to help me - ему и в голову не пришло помочь мне

something put /sent/ it out of my head - это почему-то вылетело /выскочило/ у меня из головы, я почему-то забыл об этом

2) (физиологическая) переносимость, способность

he has a good head for heights - он хорошо переносит высоту

he has a good /strong/ head for drink - он может много выпить

3. человек

the wiser heads - мудрецы

the crowned heads (of Europe) - коронованные особы (Европы)

ten dollars a /per/ head - по десяти долларов с человека /с каждого/

to count heads - считать по головам ( присутствующих)

4. (pl без измен.) голова скота

a thousand head of cattle - тысяча голов скота

the park feeds about 40 head of deer - в парке насчитывается около 40 оленей

5. 1) стадо; стая (птиц)

a large head of game - огромное скопление дичи

2) с.-х. поголовье

6. амер. разг. головная боль (особ. с похмелья)

he has a head - у него голова болит с похмелья

I've got a bad /awful, thick/ head - у меня голова раскалывается /трещит/

7. сл. рот

to keep one's head shut - не болтать; помалкивать, попридержать язык

8. рога ( оленя)

9. уст. причёска; волосы

I combed his head - я причесал его

10. амер. сл.

1) наркоман

2) фанатик, страстный поклонник, болельщик

a film head - большой любитель кино

II

1. 1) верхняя часть (чего-л.); верх, верхушка

the head of a mountain - вершина горы

the head of the stairs - верхняя площадка лестницы

2) мор. топ ( мачты)

2. 1) передняя, головная часть (чего-л.); перёд

the head of a procession [of a column] - голова процессии [колонны]

heads of a bridge - головные части моста

the head of the street - начало улицы

at the head of the page [of the list, of the chapter] - в начале страницы [списка, главы]

at the head of the table - во главе стола, на почётном месте

at the head of the bed - у изголовья кровати

to be at the head of the field /pace/ - спорт. вести бег

I waited at the head of the line - я был первым в очереди

2) мор. передняя, носовая часть судна; нос ( судна)

head to sea - против волны

down by the head - а) на нос; б) образн. подвыпивший

be in the position ❝head to wind❞ - «стать в левентик» ( парусный спорт)

3. продвижение вперёд, прогресс

to make (no) head - (не) двигаться вперёд

we are making head at last - мы, наконец, добились сдвигов

the movement gathered head - движение набирало силу

4. крона ( дерева)

5. 1) головка

the head of a flower - головка цветка

a head of cabbage - кочан капусты

2) колос, метёлка ( злаковых)

6. главный исток, верховье ( реки)

7. заглавие, заголовок; рубрика, параграф

heads of chapters - названия глав

a document arranged under five heads - документ, состоящий из пяти разделов /пунктов/

under different heads - под разными рубриками

8. 1) мед. назревшая головка ( нарыва)

to come /to draw/ to a head, to gather head - назреть ( о нарыве) [см. тж. 2)]

2) критическая точка, перелом; кризис

to come to a head - достигнуть критической стадии [см. тж. 1)]

trouble coming to a head - беда, которая вот-вот разразится

to bring smth. to a head - а) обострять что-л.; вызывать кризис; б) доводить что-л. до конца, заканчивать что-л.

9. 1) головка (булавки, винта и т. п.); цилиндрическая головка ( болта)

2) шляпка ( гвоздя)

3) обух ( топора); боёк ( молота); лоб ( зубила)

4) набалдашник ( трости)

5) наконечник ( стрелы)

6) головка ( теннисной ракетки)

7) воен. головка снаряда

8) тех. насадка, ригель

9) вчт. головка

print head - печатающая головка

10. pl лицевая сторона ( монеты); орёл

heads or tails? - орёл или решка?

heads I win, tails you lose - если выпадет орёл, я выигрываю, а если решка - ты проигрываешь; ты проигрываешь в любом случае

11. 1) пена (на пиве и т. п.)

with a head on - с шапкой пены, пенящийся

2) сливки ( на молоке)

12. подъёмный навес; откидной верх (экипажа, автомобиля)

a car with a folding /sliding/ head - автомобиль с открывающимся верхом, открытый автомобиль

13. 1) днище (бочки, цистерны и т. п.)

2) редк. кожа, натянутая на барабане

14. элк., радио магнитная головка (тж. magnetic head)

15. тех. бабка ( станка)

16. тех. подвижной штамп

17. стр. верхний брус ( оконной или дверной коробки)

18. архит. капитель, замочный камень ( свода)

19. 1) тж. pl горн. богатый концентрат

2) pl хим. головной погон, головная фракция ( при перегонке)

20. гидр. разность уровней; напор, высота напора, давление ( столба жидкости)

to flow by heads - течь прерывистой струёй /толчками/; течь с перебоями

21. метал. литник, прибыль ( при литье)

22. геогр. мыс ( часто в названиях)

23. амер.

1) мор. жарг. гальюн

2) прост. уборная, туалет

III

1. 1) глава, руководитель, начальник; главный, старший

the Head - разг. начальник, главный, старший

the head of the family - глава семьи

the head of a department - амер. руководитель отделения колледжа или университета

Head of Government [of State] - глава правительства [государства]

the head of a party - руководитель партии

the Head of the Army - командующий вооружёнными силами, главнокомандующий

2) вождь; вожак; предводитель

the head of a clan - вождь племени

3) = headmaster

2. верхушка; руководство; головка

3. ведущее, руководящее положение

at the head of the whole business - во главе всего предприятия

to be at [to rise to] the head of one's class - быть [стать] первым /лучшим/ учеником в классе

4. лингв. вершина, стержневое слово, «хозяин» ( конструкции)

head of a nominal expression - вершина /главный член/ именной конструкции

♢

a head of hair - шапка /копна/ волос

a good head of hair - густая шевелюра

raw head and broody bones - а) изображение черепа с двумя скрещёнными костями; б) пугало, что-л. страшное

scare head - амер. большой сенсационный заголовок ( в газете)

an old head on young shoulders - ≅ мудрый не по летам

big head and little wit - ≅ лоб широк, да мозгу мало

off /out of/ one's head - сошедший с ума, спятивший; не в своём уме

to go off /out of/ one's head - сойти с ума, рехнуться

on one's head - а) на чьей-л. ответственности; б) на чьей-л. совести; в) = standing on one's head

standing on one's head - легко, без труда

I can do it standing on my head - мне ничего не стоит это сделать; я сделаю это с закрытыми глазами

soft /weak/ in the head - придурковатый, глупый, слабоумный

he is weak in the head - у него слабые умственные способности

light in the head - а) испытывающий головокружение; it made him feel light in the head - от этого у него закружилась голова; б) глупый; в) спятивший, сумасшедший

he is touched in the head - ≅ у него не все дома; у него винтика не хватает

out of one's own head - из собственной головы, выдуманный, сочинённый

by the head and ears - насильно

over head and ears, head over ears (in love, in debt) - по уши (влюблённый, в долгу)

head over heels, heels over head - а) вверх тормашками, вверх ногами; б) кубарем, кувырком; поспешно; в) до крайности, весьма

head over heels in love - влюблённый по уши

from head to foot /heel/ - с головы до пят

over /above/ smb.'s head - а) через чью-л. голову, не поставив в известность кого-л.; б) выше чьего-л. понимания /разумения/

one's head off - до крайней степени; весьма; изо всех сил

to work one's head off - работать до упаду /как вол/

to shout one's head off - кричать во всю глотку /что есть мочи/

be snored his head off - он громко храпел

to eat one's head off - а) наесться; объесться; есть много или долго; б) не окупать себя, не оправдывать своей работой стоимости содержания; в) ручаться

I'll eat my head off, I'll give my head for it - даю голову на отсечение, ручаюсь

to talk smb.'s head off - заговорить кого-л., замучить кого-л. разговорами

to bite off smb.'s head, to snag /to eat/ smb.'s head off - резко, грубо оборвать кого-л. /огрызнуться/

to beat smb.'s head off - разбить кого-л. наголову

to be head and shoulders above others - быть на голову /неизмеримо/ выше других

heads up! - а) берегись!, осторожнее!; б) посторонись!; heads up, everybody! - посторонись!, с дороги!; в) усилить наблюдение за воздухом! ( команда); г) внимание!; мяч!; сверху! (возглас игрока, пытающегося привлечь внимание к летящему мячу)

to keep [to lose] one's head - сохранять спокойствие /присутствие духа/ [потерять голову]

to keep a cool head - сохранять хладнокровие, не терять голову [см. тж. I 2]

to lift up one's head - снова поднять голову, воспрянуть духом

to show one's head - появляться публично

to turn smb.'s head - вскружить кому-л. голову

to take the head - а) понести, закусить удила ( о лошади); б) выйти из повиновения, пуститься во все тяжкие

to hide one's head - стыдиться; не знать, куда деваться от стыда, прятать глаза

to hang /to have/ one's head down - а) стыдиться; б) повесить голову

to stand with one's head down - стоять понурив голову

to hold one's head up, to carry one's head high - высоко держать голову

to keep one's head down - затаиться

to shake one's head at smth. - а) усомниться в чём-л.; б) не одобрять чего-л.; [ср. тж. I 1, 1)]

to stake one's head on smth., to give one's head for smth. - ручаться головой за что-л., давать голову на отсечение

to put one's head in a noose - самому в петлю лезть

to make head against smb., smth. - а) подниматься /восставать/ против кого-л., чего-л.; успешно сопротивляться; б) продвигаться вперёд, несмотря на противодействие

to break one's head over smth. - ломать голову над чем-л.

to bury /to hide/ one's head in the sand - зарывать /прятать/ голову в песок; придерживаться страусовой политики

to hold /to keep/ one's head above water - едва сводить концы с концами, едва перебиваться

to keep one's head above ground - выжить

to get a swelled head, to go about with one's head in the air - важничать, задаваться

to beat /to bang/ one's head against the wall - ≅ биться головой об стену, пытаться прошибить лбом стену

to have one's head in the clouds - ≅ витать в облаках

to give one's head for the washing - покорно сносить оскорбления

to wash an ass's head - попусту стараться, затрачивать энергию зря

to knock smb.'s heads together - решительными мерами примирить ссорящихся

to lay /to put/ heads together - совещаться; совместно консультироваться, обсуждать

to make head or tail of smth. - понять что-л., разобраться в чём-л.

not to /to be unable to/ make head or tail of smth. - запутаться в чём-л., не суметь /быть не в состоянии/ разобраться в чём-л.

to give smb. his head - дать кому-л. волю; разрешить кому-л. действовать по своему усмотрению

to go to the head - а) опьянить, броситься в голову ( о вине); the whisky has gone to his head - виски ударило ему в голову; б) вскружить голову

his successes have gone to his head - успех вскружил ему голову

to stand on one's head - ≅ ходить на голове

to hit the nail on the head - попасть в точку, угадать

to have a cold in the head - простудиться

he has a cold in the head - он простудился, у него насморк

to knock smth. on the head - положить конец чему-л., покончить с чем-л.

to fling oneself at smb.'s head - ≅ вешаться кому-л. на шею

to do smth. on one's own head - сделать что-л. с лёгкостью /без труда/

on your head be it - а) пусть это будет на вашей совести; вы за это ответите; б) пусть возмездие обрушится на вашу голову

to cut /to make/ shorter by the head - обезглавить

heads will /would, are likely to/ roll - ≅ многих /кое-кого/ накажут /снимут с работы/

two heads are better than one - посл. ≅ ум хорошо, а два лучше

better be the head of a dog, than the tail of a lion - посл. ≅ лучше быть первым в деревне, чем последним в городе
2. [hed] a
1. 1) верхний; передний; головной

2) главный, старший

head nurse - старшая медицинская сестра

head waiter - метрдотель

head electrician - кино бригадир осветителей

the head man of the tribe - старейшина племени

2. встречный

head tide - встречное течение

head wind - встречный /противный/ ветер

head sea - встречная волна

3. предназначенный для ношения на голове; головной
3. [hed] v
1. возглавлять, стоять во главе; идти, стоять впереди

to head an army [a procession, a parade, an expedition] - возглавлять армию [процессию, парад, экспедицию]

to head the poll - получить большинство голосов

2. превосходить; быть первым

he heads all the records - он бьёт все рекорды

3. 1) озаглавливать; начинать (какими-л. словами)

to head a section - озаглавить раздел

to head a letter with the date - поставить число в начале письма

the article is headed... - статья озаглавлена...

2) начинать, быть началом, открывать (текст и т. п.)

these words head the charge - так /такими словами/ начинается обвинительное заключение

his name heads the list - в списке его имя стоит первым

4. 1) направлять

to head a boat towards shore - направить лодку к берегу

to head smb. to the proper door - показать кому-л. нужную дверь, направить кого-л. в нужную комнату

he headed his flock for home - он погнал стадо домой

2) направляться; держать курс (куда-л.)

to head south - держать курс на юг

to head straight for one's destination - направиться прямо к месту назначения

how does the ship head? - куда направляется судно?

5. 1) мешать, препятствовать ( движению)

to head a flock of sheep - преградить путь стаду овец

2) уступать (кому-л.) дорогу

3) подниматься к истокам (реки, ручья и т. п.); обходить (реку, ручей и т. п.)

the traveller headed the stream instead of crossing it - путешественник не стал переправляться через ручей, а обошёл /обогнул/ его

4) двигаться навстречу (чему-л.)

he headed the driving snow - он шёл в пургу против ветра, снег бил ему в лицо

5) (for) навлекать на себя, напрашиваться

to head for trouble - навлекать на себя неприятности; ≅ лезть на рожон

you are heading for disaster - ты неминуемо попадёшь в беду

6. брать начало, вытекать ( о реке)

the Potomac heads in the Alleghanies - река Потомак берёт начало в Аллеганских горах

7. насаживать, приделывать головку (к булавке, гвоздю, стреле и т. п.; тж. head up)

to head (up) a barrel - вставлять днище в бочку

8. (тж. head up)

1) завиваться, образовывать кочаны (о капусте и т. п.)

2) колоситься ( о злаковых)

9. 1) нарвать, созреть ( о нарыве)

2) достигать наивысшей, критической точки

10. 1) срезать верхушку (дерева, растения; тж. head down)

2) снимать, обрезать ( корку)

3) обезглавливать

to head and gut fish - удалить у рыбы голову и внутренности

11. отбивать мяч головой; играть головой (тж. head in; футбол)

to head the ball - отбить мяч головой

he headed the goal to equalize - он головой забил гол и сравнял счёт

♢ to head a trick - карт. бить /брать взятку/ старшей картой

НБАРС > head
15 head

[hed] n

1) anat Kopf m, Haupt nt ( geh)

from \head to foot [or toe] von Kopf bis Fuß;

to bow one's \head den Kopf senken;

to nod one's \head mit dem Kopf nicken;

to shake one's \head den Kopf schütteln

2) no pl ( mental capacity) Kopf m, Verstand m;

to put ideas into sb's \head jdm Flausen in den Kopf setzen;

what put that idea into your \head? wie kommst du denn darauf?;

to need a clear \head to do sth einen klaren Kopf brauchen, um etw zu tun;

to have a good \head for sth für etw akk begabt sein;

she's got a good \head for figures sie kann gut mit Zahlen umgehen;

to clear one's \head einen klaren Kopf bekommen;

to get sb/sth out of one's \head sich dat jdn/etw aus dem Kopf schlagen;

I can't get that man out of my \head dieser Mann geht mir einfach nicht mehr aus dem Kopf;

to use one's \head seinen Verstand benutzen

3) no pl ( person unit)

a [or per] \head pro Kopf [o ( fam) Nase];

dinner cost £20 a head das Abendessen kommt auf 20 Pfund pro Nase ( fam) ( animal unit) Stück nt;

a hundred \head of cattle einhundert Stück Vieh;

( vegetable unit) Kopf m; of celery Staude f;

a \head of broccoli/ cauliflower ein Brokkoli/Blumenkohl;

a \head of cabbage ein Kohlkopf m;

a \head of lettuce ein Salat

4) no pl ( measure of length) Kopf m;

to be a \head taller than sb [um] einen Kopf größer sein als jd;

to win by a \head mit einer Kopflänge Vorsprung gewinnen

5) no pl (top, front part)

the \head of the bed das Kopfende des Bettes;

at the \head of the queue [or (Am) line] [ganz] am Anfang der Schlange;

at the \head of the table am Kopf[ende] des Tisches

6) ( blunt end) of a nail, pin, screw Kopf m ( end of tool) of a hammer Haupt nt, Kopf m;

of a screwdriver Griff m;

the \head of a match der Streichholzkopf

7) ( leader) Chef(in) m(f); of a project, department Leiter(in) m(f); of Church Oberhaupt nt;

the \head of the family das Familienoberhaupt;

a \head of state ein Staatsoberhaupt nt

8) ( esp Brit) ( head teacher) Schulleiter(in) m(f), Rektor(in) m(f)

9) no pl ( letterhead) [Brief]kopf m

10) usu pl ( coin face) Kopf m;

\heads or tails? Kopf oder Zahl?

11) ( beer foam) Blume f;

you have to pour the beer slowly so there isn't too big a \head on it man muss das Bier langsam einschenken, damit es nicht zu viel Schaum gibt

12) ( water source) Quelle f;

the \head of a river/ stream ein Fluss-/Bachoberlauf m

13) ( accumulated amount)

\head of steam Dampfdruck m;

to build up a \head of steam ( fig) Dampf machen ( fam)

14) ( of spot on skin) Pfropf m;

the \head of a boil/ a pimple der Eiterpfropf einer Beule/eines Pickels

15) tech of a tape recorder, video recorder Tonkopf m

PHRASES:

to have one's \head buried [or stuck] in a book in ein Buch versunken sein;

to have one's \head in the clouds in höheren Regionen schweben ( hum)

a good [or thick] \head of hair schönes volles Haar;

to be \head over heels in love bis über beide Ohren verliebt sein ( fam)

to fall \head over heels in love with sb sich akk bis über beide Ohren in jdn verlieben;

to have a/no \head for heights ( Brit) schwindelfrei/nicht schwindelfrei sein;

to put [or stick] one's \head above the parapet ( Brit) sich akk weit aus dem Fenster lehnen ( fig)

to bury one's \head in the sand;

to have one's \head buried in the sand den Kopf in den Sand stecken;

to have a good \head on one's shoulders ein helles [o kluges] Köpfchen sein ( fam)

to have an old [or wise] \head on young shoulders für sein Alter ziemlich erwachsen [o reif] sein;

to be \head and shoulders above sb/ sth jdm/etw haushoch überlegen sein;

to not be able to make \head [n]or tail of sth aus etw dat nicht schlau [o klug] werden, sich dat auf etw akk keinen Reim machen können;

\heads I win, tails you lose ( you lose) ich gewinne auf jeden Fall;

to beat [or bang] [or knock] one's \head against a brick wall mit dem Kopf durch die Wand wollen;

to keep one's \head above water sich akk über Wasser halten ( fig)

to keep a cool \head einen kühlen Kopf bewahren;

to bang [or knock] sb's \heads together jdm den Kopf zurechtrücken;

to bite [or snap] sb's \head off jdm den Kopf abreißen ( fig) ( fam), jdn beschimpfen;

to bring sth to a \head ( carry sth too far) etw auf die Spitze treiben;

( force a decision) etw forcieren [o zur Entscheidung bringen];

to come to a \head sich akk zuspitzen;

to do sth over sb's \head etw über jds Kopf hinweg tun;

to get [or put] one's \head down ( Brit) ( concentrate) sich akk [ganz auf eine Sache] konzentrieren;

( sleep) sich akk aufs Ohr hauen ( fam)

to get sth into one's \head etw begreifen;

when will you get it into your thick \head that...? wann geht es endlich in deinen sturen Kopf [o kapierst du endlich], dass...? ( fam)

to give sb \head ( vulg sl) jdm einen blasen ( vulg), jdn lecken ( vulg)

to give sb their \head jdn gewähren lassen, jdm seinen Willen lassen;

to go over sb's \head über jds Kopf hinweg handeln;

to go to sb's \head praise, success jdm zu Kopf steigen ( pej) alcohol, wine jdm in den [o zu] Kopf steigen;

to keep one's \head einen klaren Kopf bewahren;

to keep one's \head down den Kopf einziehen, auf Tauchstation gehen ( hum)

to laugh one's \head off sich akk halb totlachen ( fam)

to put one's \heads together die Köpfe zusammenstecken;

\heads will roll Köpfe werden rollen;

to scream [or shout] one's \head off sich dat die Lunge aus dem Leib schreien;

the dog started barking its \head off der Hund begann, wie verrückt zu bellen;

to have one's \head screwed on [right [or the right way]] ein patenter Mensch sein;

to have taken sth into one's \head sich dat etw in den Kopf gesetzt haben;

to not be able to get one's \head °[a]round sth ( fam) etw nicht kapieren ( fam)

to be in over one's \head ( fam) tief im Schlamassel stecken ( fam)

to be off one's \head (fam: be crazy, silly) übergeschnappt [o von allen guten Geistern verlassen] sein ( fam) ( stoned) total zu[gedröhnt] [o zugekifft] sein (sl)

Ben must be off his \head when he thinks Dad'll give him the money Ben kann nicht ganz bei Trost sein, wenn er glaubt, Dad würde ihm das Geld geben;

to be [or go] over sb's \head über jds Horizont m gehen adj

attr, inv leitende(r, s);

\head cook Küchenchef(in) m(f);

\head office Zentrale f;

\head waiter/ waitress Oberkellner m /Oberkellnerin f vt

1) ( be at the front of)

to \head sth etw anführen;

the procession was \headed by the Queen die Queen ging der Prozession voran

2) ( be in charge of)

to \head a firm/ organization eine Firma/Organisation leiten [o führen];

3) publ ( have at the top)

to \head sth etw überschreiben [o mit einer Überschrift versehen];

the article wasn't \headed der Artikel hatte keine Überschrift

4) fball

to \head the ball den Ball köpfen

5) hort

to \head a tree einen Baum kappen vi

1) + adv ( proceed in a certain direction)

to \head home sich akk auf den Heimweg machen;

to \head along a path einen Weg entlanglaufen

2) hort salad einen Kopf ansetzen

3) ( go toward)

to \head for sth auf dem Weg zu etw dat sein;

he \headed straight for the fridge er steuerte direkt auf den Kühlschrank zu;

to \head for the exit sich akk zum Ausgang begeben ( geh), zum Ausgang gehen;

to \head for disaster auf eine Katastrophe zusteuern;

to \head into sth auf etw akk zusteuern;

to be \heading into [some] rough times schweren Zeiten entgegengehen

English-German students dictionary > head
16 bale

̈ɪbeɪl I
1. сущ.
1) кипа( товара), тюк cotton bale ≈ кипа хлопка
2) мн. товар They were known to put false marks upon their bales. ≈ Было известно, что они наклеили неправильные этикетки на их товар.
2. гл. укладывать в тюки, увязывать в кипы These goods are baled up and consigned to a factory abroad. ≈ Эти товары упакованы и предназначены для завода зарубежом. II сущ.;
уст.;
поэт. беда, бедствие, зло Relieve my soul from the bale that bows it down! ≈ Освободи мою душу от той беды, которая заставляет ее страдать. Syn: distress, disaster III сущ.;
уст.;
поэт. вычерпывать воду (из лодки) bale out Syn: bail III
кипа (товара) ;
тюк;
связка;
узел - a * of cotton кипа хлопка - * of hay тюк прессованного сена (разговорное) охапка, куча( устаревшее) набор игральных костей (специальное) брикет укладывать в тюки, вязать в узлы, увязывать в кипы (специальное) пакетировать, брикетировать( стружку т т. п.) ;
прессовать (сено в тюки) ;
тюковать зло, вред, гибельное влияние( чего-л.) несчастье, бедствие;
горе, страдание, муки - day of * and bitterness тяжелый день, день неудач - to bring tidings of * приносить дурные вести

bale =bail ~ уст., поэт. бедствие, зло ~ вязать в узлы ~ кипа (товара), тюк;
cotton bale кипа хлопка ~ кипа товара ~ связка ~ pl товар ~ увязывать в кипы ~ узел ~ укладывать в тюки, увязывать в кипы ~ укладывать в тюки

~ кипа (товара), тюк;
cotton bale кипа хлопка

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > bale
17 end

1. [end] n
I

1. конец, окончание

happy end - счастливый /благополучный/ конец; счастливая развязка

to put /to set/ an end to smth. - положить конец чему-л., покончить с чем-л.

to put an end to an argument [to war] - положить конец спору [войне]

to bring to an end - закончить, завершить

to make an end of smth. - закончить что-л.; положить конец чему-л.

to come to an end, to be at an end - прийти к концу, кончиться

I've come to the end of my endurance - моё терпение истощилось

we all see no end of it, there is no end to it - ≅ этому конца не будет

to follow smth. to its logical end - довести что-л. до логического конца

in the end - в конце концов, в конечном счёте

to the end of time - возвыш. вечно, на веки веков

this will remain a secret to the end of time - это навеки останется тайной

the end crowns the deed - конец венчает дело

2. конец, последняя, заключительная часть; завершение

the end of the year - конец года

the end of a sentence [of a story] - последняя часть /конец/ предложения [рассказа]

a story without an end - рассказ, который ничем не кончается

toward the end of 1914 - к концу 1914 г.

by the end of the third quarter - к концу третьего квартала

at the end of the 16th century - в конце /в последние годы/ XVI столетия

3. 1) смерть, кончина, конец

untimely end - безвременная кончина

to be near(ing) one's end - быть при смерти

to come to a tragic end - трагически погибнуть

to be the end (of) - довести до гибели, прикончить

this cough will be the end of me - этот кашель меня доконает

you will be the end of me - ты меня в могилу сведёшь

2) прекращение существования

that will be the end of all war - это положит конец всякой войне, войны исчезнут навсегда

the end of the world - конец света

II

1. 1) конец, край

a silver watch at the end of a chain - серебряные часы, подвешенные на конце цепочки

on the end of a stick - на конце палки

end on - а) концом вперёд; б) мор. прямо носом или кормой

end up - стоймя, прямо

end to end - непрерывной цепью, впритык

at the southern end of the town - в южном конце /на южной окраине/ города

from one end of the country to the other - из одного конца страны в другой

to sign one's name at the end of a list - поставить свою подпись в конце списка

at the other end of the world - на другом конце света

at the world's end - на краю света; ≅ у чёрта на куличках

2) конец, сторона

to approach the subject from the wrong end - подойти к вопросу не с того конца

look through the wrong end of a telescope - ≅ воспринимать все в искажённом виде

3) амер. аспект, сторона

the business end - практическая или коммерческая сторона дела

at the consuming end - со стороны потребителей; в сфере потребления

the advertising end of insurance - реклама в страховом деле

at the broadcasting [listening] end - на радиостанциях [у радиослушателей]

4) амер. часть, отделение

our selling end - наш торговый отдел, коммерческий отдел нашего предприятия

2. остаток, обломок, обрывок, обрезок

rope's end - мор. линёк, конец ( троса)

3. (of) амер. разг. верх, вершина (чего-л.); непревзойдённое совершенство

she is the very /the living/ end of femininity - она воплощённая женственность

4. торец

end elevation - вид с торца, вид сбоку

end face - лобовая или торцовая /торцевая/ поверхность

5. спец.

1) комель

2) pl эндсы, дилены ( пиломатериалы)

6. текст. одиночная или кордная нить

end down - обрыв нити

ends per inch - число нитей основы на один дюйм

7. днище

8. спорт. половина поля, площадки

to change ends - меняться сторонами поля /площадки/

9. спорт. крайний ( в футболе)

III

цель; намерения, виды

to accomplish one's end - достичь цели

to gain one's end - достичь цели, добиться своего

to pursue one's own ends - преследовать свои собственные цели

to work together for a common end - работать на общее дело

with this end in view - с этой целью, для этого

the end justifies the means - цель оправдывает средства

an end in itself - самоцель

to what end? - для чего?, с какой целью?

to that /this/ end - с этой целью

to the end that... - для того чтобы..., с той целью чтобы...

to no end - бесцельно, бесполезно, напрасно

to serve an end - служить какой-л. цели

to serve no useful end - быть бесполезным /ненужным/

for public ends - на общественные нужды, в интересах общества

to defeat one's [its] own end - идти вразрез с поставленной целью

♢

no end - бесконечно, чрезвычайно

no end obliged to you - чрезвычайно вам признателен

no end disappointed - ужасно разочарованный

he was no end put out - он страшно обозлился, он вышел из себя

this should liven up the debate no end - это должно чрезвычайно оживить дебаты

no end of - масса, много

no end of trouble - масса хлопот /неприятностей/

he deserves no end of praise - он заслуживает всяческих похвал

it does no end of mischief - это наносит огромный вред

on end - а) стоймя; дыбом ( о волосах); б) беспрерывно, подряд

for hours on end - целыми часами (подряд)

to be all on end - быть в состоянии раздражения /нетерпения/

at a loose end - не у дел, непристроенный

to the bitter end - до (самого) конца, до последнего; до последней капли крови

to be at the end of one's rope - быть в безвыходном положении

to be at the end of one's tether - дойти до предела, дойти до точки

to be at one's wits' end - совершенно растеряться

I am at my wits' end - ума не приложу

to go (in) off the deep end - а) взволноваться, разозлиться; б) рисковать, действовать сгоряча /необдуманно/; пороть горячку; ≅ не узнавши броду, сунуться в воду

to hold /to keep/ one's end up - не сдаваться, не падать духом

to make both /two/ ends meet - сводить концы с концами

to come out on /at/ the short end - оказаться в невыгодном положении, опростоволоситься

to hand the short /the dirty/ end of the stick - амер. обвести /подвести/ (кого-л.); поставить (кого-л.) в невыгодное положение

to hold /to keep/ up one's end - стойко держаться в трудном положении; неукоснительно выполнять свой долг, принятые на себя обязательства и т. п.
2. [end] v
1. ( часто end off, end up)

1) кончать; заканчивать

to end one's labour on a book - кончить свою работу над книгой

to end off /up/ a speech with a quotation - закончить выступление цитатой

we ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee - мы закончили обед фруктами и кофе

if you don't change your ways you'll end up in prison - если ты не изменишь своё поведение, то кончишь тюрьмой

2) кончаться, завершаться

to end in disaster - кончиться катастрофой

to end in success - завершиться успехом

how does the story end? - чем кончается рассказ?

the plateau ends in a precipice - плато кончается пропастью

to end in a draw /in a tie/ - спорт. окончить или окончиться вничью

the expedition ended in the death of two climbers - в результате экспедиции погибли два альпиниста

not all English words which end in -ly are adverbs - не все английские слова, кончающиеся на -ly, являются наречиями

2. прекращать

to end testing now and for all time - прекратить испытания (ядерного оружия) немедленно и навсегда

to end the cold war - положить конец холодной войне

to end one's life - покончить с собой

3. редк. кончиться, умереть

4. уст. прикончить, убить

♢ all's well that ends well - посл. всё хорошо, что хорошо кончается

to end in smoke - кончиться ничем

НБАРС > end
18 high

1. adjective
1) (at, from, or reaching up to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: a high mountain; a high dive; a dive from the high diving-board.) alto

2) (having a particular height: This building is about 20 metres high; My horse is fifteen hands high.) de altura

3) (great; large; considerable: The car was travelling at high speed; He has a high opinion of her work; They charge high prices; high hopes; The child has a high fever/temperature.) alto; elevado; grande

4) (most important; very important: the high altar in a church; Important criminal trials are held at the High Court; a high official.) mayor; supremo; alto

5) (noble; good: high ideals.) bueno, noble

6) ((of a wind) strong: The wind is high tonight.) fuerte

7) ((of sounds) at or towards the top of a (musical) range: a high note.) alto

8) ((of voices) like a child's voice (rather than like a man's): He still speaks in a high voice.) agudo

9) ((of food, especially meat) beginning to go bad.) pasado

10) (having great value: Aces and kings are high cards.) importante; de gran valor

2. adverb
(at, or to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: The plane was flying high in the sky; He'll rise high in his profession.) alto

- highly
- highness
- high-chair
- high-class
- higher education
- high fidelity
- high-handed
- high-handedly
- high-handedness
- high jump
- highlands
- high-level
- highlight
3. verb
(to draw particular attention to (a person, thing etc).) destacar, hacer resaltar, poner de relieve

- highly-strung
- high-minded
- high-mindedness
- high-pitched
- high-powered
- high-rise
- highroad
- high school
- high-spirited
- high spirits
- high street
- high-tech
4. adjective
((also hi-tech): high-tech industries.) de alta tecnología, de tecnología punta

- high tide
- high treason
- high water
- highway
- Highway Code
- highwayman
- high wire
- high and dry
- high and low
- high and mighty
- the high seas
- it is high time

high adj

1. alto

the highest mountain in the world is Everest la montaña más alta del mundo es el Everest

it is over 29,000 feet high tiene más de 29.000 pies de altura

high temperatures temperaturas altas

2. fuerte

a high wind un viento fuerte

3. agudo

a high voice una voz aguda

high

tr[haɪ]

adjective

1 alto,-a

■ there are many high buildings in New York Nueva York tiene muchos edificios altos

■ how high is that mountain? ¿qué altura tiene aquella montaña?

2 (elevated, intense) alto,-a, elevado,-a

■ he's always had high blood pressure siempre ha tenido la presión sanguínea alta

■ consumer prices are high los precios al consumo son elevados

3 (important) alto,-a, importante; (strong) fuerte

■ she has a high position in life ostenta una posición elevada en la vida

■ high winds swept in from the north soplaron vientos fuertes del norte

■ he has a very high opinion of his wife habla muy bien de su esposa

4 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL alto,-a

5 (very good) bueno,-a,

■ she has a very high standard ella tiene un nivel muy alto

■ to have high principles tener buenos principios

6 (going rotten - food) pasado,-a; (- game) manido,-a

7 (of time) pleno,-a

8 slang (on drugs) flipado,-a, colocado,-a

adverb

1 alto

■ feelings often run high at football games a menudo los ánimos se exaltan en los partidos de fútbol

noun

1 punto máximo, récord nombre masculino

■ the stock market reached an all-time high la Bolsa marcó un récord absoluto

2 SMALLMETEOROLOGY/SMALL zona de alta presión, anticiclón nombre masculino

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to be in for the high jump familiar tener los días contados

to be in high spirits estar de buen humor

to be on a high sentirse muy bien

to fly high (bird, plane) volar alto, volar a gran altura 2 (person) picar alto

to have friends in high places estar muy bien relacionado,-a

to leave somebody high and dry dejar plantado,-a a alguien

to search high and low for something buscar algo por todas partes

high chair silla alta

High Commissioner Alto Comisario, Alto Comisionado

High Court Tribunal nombre masculino Supremo

high fidelity alta fidelidad nombre femenino

high jump SMALLSPORT/SMALL salto de altura

high noon mediodía nombre masculino

high priest sumo sacerdote nombre masculino

high road carretera principal

high season temporada alta

high school SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL instituto de enseñanza secundaria (para alumnos de entre 11 y 18 años) 2 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL instituto de enseñanza secundaria (para alumnos de entre 15 y 18 años)

high tea merienda-cena

the high life la buena vida

the High Street la Calle Mayor

high ['haɪ] adv

: alto

high adj

1) tall: alto

a high wall: una pared alta

2) elevated: alto, elevado

high prices: precios elevados

high blood pressure: presión alta

3) great, important: grande, importante, alto

a high number: un número grande

high society: alta sociedad

high hopes: grandes esperanzas

4) : alto (en música)

5) intoxicated: borracho, drogado

high n

1) : récord m, punto m máximo

to reach an all-time high: batir el récord

2) : zona f de alta presión (en meteorología)

3) or high gear : directa f

4)

on high : en las alturas

high

adj.

• alto, -a adj.

• atiplado, -a adj.

• de altura adj.

• elevado, -a adj.

• eminente adj.

• empinado, -a adj.

• encandilado, -a adj.

• encumbrado, -a adj.

• manido, -a adj.

• mayor adj.

• prócer adj.

• subido, -a adj.

• sumo, -a adj.

• superior adj.

n.

• alta presión s.f.

• marcha directa s.f.

I haɪ
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( tall) <building/wall/mountain> alto

how high is it? — ¿qué altura tiene?

the tower is 40 m high — la torre tiene 40 m de alto or de altura

a 12 ft high wall — un muro de 12 pies de alto or de altura

b) ( high up) <window/balcony> alto; < plateau> elevado

at a high altitude — a gran altitud

the river is very high — el río está muy alto or crecido

a high forehead — una frente amplia

high cheekbones — pómulos mpl salientes

c) ( in status) <office/rank/officials> alto

he has friends in high places — tiene amigos muy bien situados

the high life — la gran vida

high society — la alta sociedad

d) (morally, ethically) <ideals/principles/aims> elevado

e) ( in pitch) < voice> agudo; < note> alto

the speech ended on a high note — el discurso terminó con una nota de optimismo

2)

a) (considerable, greater than usual) <temperature/speed/pressure> alto; < wind> fuerte

the temperature was in the high eighties — la temperatura rondaba los noventa grados

to have a high color — ( permanently) ser* rubicundo; ( because of a fever) estar* muy colorado or rojo

the death toll could rise as high as 20 — el número de muertos podría elevarse a 20

unemployment is very high — hay mucho desempleo

to pay a high price for something — pagar* algo muy caro

my hopes were high as I set out — tenía grandes esperanzas al partir

to be high in vitamins/proteins — ser* rico en vitaminas/proteínas

b) (good, favorable)

he has a high regard for you — tiene muy buen concepto de ti

3)

a) (Lit, Theat)

a moment of high comedy/drama — un momento comiquísimo/muy dramático

b) ( climactic) culminante

the high point — el punto culminante

4)

a) (happy, excited)

she was in high spirits — estaba muy animada

we had a high old time — (colloq) lo pasamos estupendamente

b) ( intoxicated) (colloq) drogado, colocado (Esp fam)

to be/get high on something — estar* drogado or (Esp tb) colocado/drogarse* or (Esp tb) colocarse* con algo (fam)

5) ( of time)

high noon — mediodía m

in high summer — en pleno verano

high days and holidays — las grandes ocasiones

6) < meat> pasado; < game> que tiene un olor fuerte

II

adverb -er, -est

a) < fly> alto

the mountain towered high above us — la montaña se elevaba dominante sobre nosotros

high in the sky — en lo alto del cielo

high overhead — en las alturas

high up — arriba, en lo alto

it's pretty high (up) on the agenda — es uno de los asuntos más importantes

feelings are running high — los ánimos están exaltados

to aim high — \<\<marksman\>\> apuntar alto; \<\<ambitious person\>\> picar* alto

to leave somebody high and dry — dejar a alguien en la estacada, dejar a alguien tirado (fam)

to search o hunt o look high and low (for something) — remover* cielo y tierra (para encontrar algo)

b) ( in pitch) < sing> alto

c) (in amount, degree)

how high are you prepared to bid? — ¿hasta cuánto estás dispuesto a pujar or ofrecer?

III

noun

1)

a) c ( level) récord m

b) u

on high — ( in heaven) en las alturas; ( high above) en lo alto

2) c ( Meteo) ( anticyclone) zona f de altas presiones; ( high temperature) máxima f

3) c ( euphoria) (colloq) ( from drugs) viaje m (fam), colocón m (Esp fam); ( for other reasons)

I'm on a real high at the moment — las cosas me están yendo de maravilla

4) u ( top gear) (AmE Auto) (no art) directa f

5) c ( high school) (AmE colloq) cole m (fam) ( secundario)

[haɪ]
1. ADJ
(compar higher) (superl highest)
1) (=tall, elevated) [building, mountain] alto; [plateau] elevado; [altitude] grande

a building 60 metres high — un edificio de 60 metros de alto or de altura

it's 20 metres high — tiene 20 metros de alto or de altura

• at high altitudes — a grandes altitudes

• the ceilings are very high — los techos son muy altos

• high cheekbones — pómulos mpl salientes

• he has a high forehead — tiene la frente muy ancha

• how high is Ben Nevis/that tree? — ¿qué altura tiene el Ben Nevis/ese árbol?

• economic reform is high on the agenda — la reforma económica figura entre los asuntos más importantes a tratar

• the river is high — el río está crecido

• I've known her since she was so high * — la conozco desde que era así (de pequeña)

• the sun was high in the sky — el sol daba de pleno

- high and dry

the boats lay at the river's edge, high and dry — los botes estaban en la orilla del río, varados

- leave sb high and dry

2) (=considerable, great) [level, risk, rent, salary, principles] alto; [price, tax, number] alto, elevado; [speed] alto, gran; [quality] alto, bueno; [colour] subido; [complexion] (characteristically) rojizo; (temporarily) enrojecido; [wind] fuerte

they offered me a higher salary — me ofrecieron un sueldo más alto

temperatures were in the high 80s — las temperaturas alcanzaron los ochenta y muchos, las temperaturas rondaron los 90 grados

interest rates are high — los intereses están muy altos

we offer education of the highest quality — ofrecemos una educación de la más alta or de la mejor calidad

• to have high blood pressure — tener la tensión alta, ser hipertenso

• his team was of the highest calibre — su equipo era del más alto nivel

• to have high hopes of sth, I had high hopes of being elected — tenía muchas esperanzas de que me eligieran

• parsley is high in calcium — el perejil es rico en calcio

• to have a high opinion of sb — (=think highly of) tener muy buena opinión or concepto de algn; (=be fond of) tener a algn en alta estima

• to pay a high price for sth — (lit) pagar mucho dinero por algo; (fig) pagar algo muy caro

• to have a high temperature — tener mucha fiebre, tener una fiebre muy alta

- have a high old time

it's high time... * —

it's high time you were in bed * — ya deberías estar acostado desde hace un buen rato

it's high time we were on our way * — ya deberíamos haber salido hace rato
gear, priority, profile, spirit, stake, high 1., 4)
3) (=important, superior) [rank, position, office] alto

• high and mighty, she's too high and mighty — es demasiado engreída

you needn't act so high and mighty with me — no tienes por qué ponerte tan engreído conmigo

she moves in the circles of the high and mighty — se mueve en círculos de los poderosos, se mueve en círculos de gente de mucho fuste pej

• high official — alto funcionario(-a) m / f

- get up on one's high horse

there's no need to get (up) on your high horse! — ¡no hace falta que te subas a la parra!

- come down off or get off one's high horse

in high places —

to have friends in high places — tener amigos importantes or con influencias

people in high places — gente influyente or importante

4) (=high-pitched) [sound, note] alto; [voice] agudo

he played another higher note — tocó otra nota más alta

she can still hit those high notes — todavía llega bien a los agudos

in a high voice — con voz aguda

on a high note —

he ended his career on a high note — terminó su carrera con un gran éxito

5) * (=intoxicated)

to be high (on) — [+ drink, drugs] estar colocado (de) *

to get high (on) — [+ drink, drugs] colocarse (de) *

she was high on her latest success — estaba encantada or entusiasmada con su último éxito

- be as high as a kite

6) (Culin) (=mature) [game, cheese] que huele fuerte; (=rotten) [meat] pasado

2. ADV
(compar higher) (superl highest)
1) (in height) [fly, rise] a gran altura

it rose high in the air — se elevó a gran altura

it sailed high over the house — volaba a gran altura por encima de la casa

• high above, an eagle circled high above — un águila circulaba en las alturas

the town is perched high above the river — el pueblo está en un alto, sobre el río

high above my head — muy por encima de mi cabeza

• to run high — [sea] estar embravecido; [river] estar crecido

feelings were running high — los ánimos estaban exaltados

• high up, his farm was high up in the mountains — su granja estaba en lo alto de las montañas

we saw three birds circling very high up — vimos tres pájaros circulando en las alturas

she had put it too high up for me to reach — lo había puesto demasiado alto y no llegaba

his cousin is someone high up in the navy — su primo tiene un cargo importante en la marina

- hold one's head up high

- live high on the hog

- hunt or search high and low for sth/sb
aim, fly, head 1., 1), stand 3., 5)
2) (in degree, number, strength)

• the bidding went as high as £500 — las ofertas llegaron hasta 500 libras

3. N

1)

on high — (=in heaven) en el cielo, en las alturas

there's been a new directive from on high — (fig) ha habido una nueva directriz de arriba

2) (=peak)

sales have reached an all-time high — las ventas han alcanzado cifras récord

- be on a high

3) (Econ) máximo m

the Dow Jones index reached a high of 2503 — el índice de Dow Jones alcanzó un máximo de 2.503

4) (Met) zona f de altas presiones; (esp US) temperatura f máxima

5) (US) (Aut) (=top gear) directa f

to be in high — ir en directa

4.

CPD

high altar N — altar m mayor

high beam N (US) (Aut) —

he had his lights on high beam — llevaba las luces largas or de cruce

high camp N — (Theat) amaneramiento m

high chair N — silla f alta (para niño), trona f (Sp)

High Church N — sector de la Iglesia Anglicana muy cercano a la liturgia y ritos católicos

high comedy N — (Theat) comedia f de costumbres

it was high comedy — (fig) era de lo más cómico

high command N — (Mil) alto mando m

high commission N — (=international body) alto comisionado m; (=embassy) embajada f (que representa a uno de los países de la Commonwealth en otro)

high commissioner N — [of international body] alto comisario(-a) m / f; (=ambassador) embajador(a) m / f (de un país de la Commonwealth en otro)

High Court N — (Jur) Tribunal m Supremo

a high court judge — un juez del Tribunal Supremo

high definition N — alta definición f
high-definition
high dependency unit N — (Med) unidad f de alta dependencia

high diving N — saltos mpl de trampolín de gran altura

high explosive N — explosivo m de gran potencia; high-explosive

high fashion N — alta costura f

high fidelity N — alta fidelidad f; high-fidelity

high finance N — altas finanzas fpl

high five, high-five N — choque m de cinco

• to give sb a high five — chocar los cinco con algn

high flier N —

he's a high flier — es ambicioso, tiene talento y promete

High German N — alto alemán m

high ground N (fig) —

they believe they have or occupy the moral high ground in this conflict — creen que tienen moralmente la razón de su parte en este conflicto

high hat N — sombrero m de copa, cilindro * m; high-hat

high heels NPL — (=heels) tacones mpl altos; (=shoes) zapatos mpl de tacón

high jinks † * NPL — jolgorio msing, jarana f

there were high jinks last night — hubo jolgorio or jarana anoche

to get up to high jinks — meterse en jarana

high jump N — (Sport) salto m de altura

- he's for the high jump

high jumper N — (Sport) saltador(a) m / f de altura

the high life N — (gen) la buena vida; (in high society) la vida de la buena sociedad

high living N — la buena vida

High Mass N — misa f mayor

high noon N — (=midday) mediodía m; (fig) (=peak) apogeo m; (=critical point) momento m crucial

high point N — [of show, evening] punto m culminante, clímax m inv ; [of visit, holiday] lo más destacado; [of career] punto m culminante, cenit m

high priest N — sumo sacerdote m

high priestess N — suma sacerdotisa f

high relief N — alto relieve m

to throw or bring sth into high relief — (fig) poner algo de relieve

high road N — (esp Brit) carretera f

the high road to success/disaster — el camino directo al éxito/desastre

high roller N — (US) (gen) derrochón(-ona) m / f; (gambling) jugador(a) m / f empedernido*

high school N — (US, Brit) instituto m de enseñanza secundaria, ≈ liceo m (LAm)

junior high (school) — (US) instituto donde se imparten los dos primeros años de bachillerato

high school diploma N — (US) ≈ bachillerato m

high school graduate N — (US) ≈ bachiller mf

the high seas NPL — alta mar fsing

on the high seas — en alta mar

high season N — temporada f alta

high season prices/rates — precios mpl /tarifas fpl de temporada alta

high sign N — seña f (acordada)

to give sb a high sign — hacer la seña a algn

high society N — la alta sociedad

high spot N — [of show, evening] punto m culminante, clímax m inv ; [of visit, holiday] lo más destacado; [of career] punto m culminante, cenit m

high stakes NPL —

- play for high stakes

high street N — calle f mayor, calle f principal

high street banks — bancos mpl principales

high street shops — tiendas fpl de la calle principal

high summer N — pleno verano m, pleno estío m

high table N — (gen) mesa f principal, mesa f presidencial; (Univ, Scol) mesa f de los profesores

high tea N — (Brit) merienda-cena f (que se toma acompañada de té)

high technology N — alta tecnología f

high tide N — pleamar f, marea f alta

at high tide — en la pleamar, en marea alta

high treason N — alta traición f

high water N — pleamar f, marea f alta
high-water mark
high wire N — cuerda f floja

high wire act N — número m en la cuerda floja, número m de funambulismo
HIGH SCHOOL En Estados Unidos las high schools son los institutos donde los adolescentes de 15 a 18 años realizan la educación secundaria, que dura tres cursos ( grades), desde el noveno hasta el duodécimo año de la enseñanza; al final del último curso se realiza un libro conmemorativo con fotos de los alumnos y profesores de ese año Yearbook y los alumnos reciben el diploma de high school en una ceremonia formal de graduación. Estos centros suelen ser un tema frecuente en las películas y programas de televisión estadounidenses en los que se resalta mucho el aspecto deportivo - sobre todo el fútbol americano y el baloncesto - además de algunos acontecimientos sociales como el baile de fin de curso, conocido como Senior Prom.
See:

see cultural note PROM,

see cultural note YEARBOOK in yearbook

* * *

I [haɪ]
adjective -er, -est

1)

a) ( tall) <building/wall/mountain> alto

how high is it? — ¿qué altura tiene?

the tower is 40 m high — la torre tiene 40 m de alto or de altura

a 12 ft high wall — un muro de 12 pies de alto or de altura

b) ( high up) <window/balcony> alto; < plateau> elevado

at a high altitude — a gran altitud

the river is very high — el río está muy alto or crecido

a high forehead — una frente amplia

high cheekbones — pómulos mpl salientes

c) ( in status) <office/rank/officials> alto

he has friends in high places — tiene amigos muy bien situados

the high life — la gran vida

high society — la alta sociedad

d) (morally, ethically) <ideals/principles/aims> elevado

e) ( in pitch) < voice> agudo; < note> alto

the speech ended on a high note — el discurso terminó con una nota de optimismo

2)

a) (considerable, greater than usual) <temperature/speed/pressure> alto; < wind> fuerte

the temperature was in the high eighties — la temperatura rondaba los noventa grados

to have a high color — ( permanently) ser* rubicundo; ( because of a fever) estar* muy colorado or rojo

the death toll could rise as high as 20 — el número de muertos podría elevarse a 20

unemployment is very high — hay mucho desempleo

to pay a high price for something — pagar* algo muy caro

my hopes were high as I set out — tenía grandes esperanzas al partir

to be high in vitamins/proteins — ser* rico en vitaminas/proteínas

b) (good, favorable)

he has a high regard for you — tiene muy buen concepto de ti

3)

a) (Lit, Theat)

a moment of high comedy/drama — un momento comiquísimo/muy dramático

b) ( climactic) culminante

the high point — el punto culminante

4)

a) (happy, excited)

she was in high spirits — estaba muy animada

we had a high old time — (colloq) lo pasamos estupendamente

b) ( intoxicated) (colloq) drogado, colocado (Esp fam)

to be/get high on something — estar* drogado or (Esp tb) colocado/drogarse* or (Esp tb) colocarse* con algo (fam)

5) ( of time)

high noon — mediodía m

in high summer — en pleno verano

high days and holidays — las grandes ocasiones

6) < meat> pasado; < game> que tiene un olor fuerte

II

adverb -er, -est

a) < fly> alto

the mountain towered high above us — la montaña se elevaba dominante sobre nosotros

high in the sky — en lo alto del cielo

high overhead — en las alturas

high up — arriba, en lo alto

it's pretty high (up) on the agenda — es uno de los asuntos más importantes

feelings are running high — los ánimos están exaltados

to aim high — \<\<marksman\>\> apuntar alto; \<\<ambitious person\>\> picar* alto

to leave somebody high and dry — dejar a alguien en la estacada, dejar a alguien tirado (fam)

to search o hunt o look high and low (for something) — remover* cielo y tierra (para encontrar algo)

b) ( in pitch) < sing> alto

c) (in amount, degree)

how high are you prepared to bid? — ¿hasta cuánto estás dispuesto a pujar or ofrecer?

III

noun

1)

a) c ( level) récord m

b) u

on high — ( in heaven) en las alturas; ( high above) en lo alto

2) c ( Meteo) ( anticyclone) zona f de altas presiones; ( high temperature) máxima f

3) c ( euphoria) (colloq) ( from drugs) viaje m (fam), colocón m (Esp fam); ( for other reasons)

I'm on a real high at the moment — las cosas me están yendo de maravilla

4) u ( top gear) (AmE Auto) (no art) directa f

5) c ( high school) (AmE colloq) cole m (fam) ( secundario)

English-spanish dictionary > high
19 question

'kwes ən
1. noun
1) (something which is said, written etc which asks for an answer from someone: The question is, do we really need a computer?) pregunta

2) (a problem or matter for discussion: There is the question of how much to pay him.) cuestión, problema

3) (a single problem in a test or examination: We had to answer four questions in three hours.) pregunta, problema

4) (criticism; doubt; discussion: He is, without question, the best man for the job.) (sin) duda

5) (a suggestion or possibility: There is no question of our dismissing him.) posibilidad

2. verb
1) (to ask (a person) questions: I'll question him about what he was doing last night.) interrogar

2) (to regard as doubtful: He questioned her right to use the money.) cuestionar, poner en duda

•

- questionable
- questionably
- questionableness
- question mark
- question-master
- questionnaire
- in question
- out of the question

question¹ n

1. pregunta

can I ask you a question? ¿puedo hacerte una pregunta?

2. cuestión / problema / asunto

it's a difficult question to solve es un problema difícil de resolver

question² vb

1. hacer preguntas / interrogar

police questioned the suspect about the robbery la policía interrogó al sospechoso sobre el robo

2. dudar de / cuestionar

nobody questions his authority nadie cuestiona su autoridad

question

tr['kwesʧən]

noun

1 pregunta

2 (in exam) pregunta, problema nombre masculino

3 (problem, issue) cuestión nombre femenino, problema nombre masculino

■ the Basque question el problema del País Vasco

4 (topic, matter) cuestión nombre femenino, asunto

■ there is still the question of expenses todavía queda el asunto de los gastos

transitive verb

1 hacer preguntas a, interrogar

■ she questioned the girl le hizo preguntas a la niña

■ the detained are being questioned about the holdup están interrogando a los detenidos sobre el atraco

2 (cast doubt on) cuestionar, poner en duda

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

it's a question of se trata de, es cuestión de

■ it's a question of time es cuestión de tiempo

out of the question imposible, impensable

that is the question de eso se trata, he aquí la dificultad

to call into question poner en duda, dudar de

without question sin rechistar

■ she did it without question lo hizo sin rechistar

question mark (punctuation mark) signo de interrogación, interrogación nombre femenino, interrogante nombre masculino 2 (doubt) interrogante nombre masculino

question tag coletilla

question ['kwɛsʧən] vt

1) ask: preguntar

2) doubt: poner en duda, cuestionar

3) interrogate: interrogar

question vi

inquire: inquirir, preguntar

question n

1) query: pregunta f

2) issue: asunto m, problema f, cuestión f

3) possibility: posibilidad f

it's out of the question: es indiscutible

4) doubt: duda f

to call into question: poner en duda

question

adj.

• interrogante adj.

n.

• asunto s.m.

• cuestión s.f.

• interrogación s.f.

• pregunta s.f.

• problema s.m.

v.

• cuestionar v.

• disputar v.

• hacer preguntas a v.

• interrogar v.

• preguntar v.

I 'kwestʃən
noun

a) c ( inquiry) pregunta f

to ask o put a question — hacer* or (frml) formular una pregunta

to pop the question — (colloq)

he finally popped the question — finalmente le pidió que se casara con él

b) c (in quiz, exam) pregunta f

the 64,000 dollar question — la pregunta del millón

c) c (issue, problem) cuestión f, asunto m, problema m

the person in question — la persona en cuestión

if it's a question of money... — si es cuestión or se trata de dinero...

that is not the question — no se trata de eso

to beg the question — ( pose the question) plantear la pregunta; ( evade the issue) eludir el problema; ( make unjustified assumption)

this begs the question whether we really want to live in this kind of society — esto da por sentado or tiene como premisa que éste es el tipo de sociedad en la que queremos vivir

d) u ( doubt) duda f

beyond question — fuera de duda

to call something into question — poner* algo en duda

there's no question about it — no cabe duda

e) u ( possibility) posibilidad f

there was no question of escaping — no había ninguna posibilidad de escapar

it is completely out of the question — es totalmente imposible

II

transitive verb

a) \<\<person\>\> hacerle* preguntas a; \<\<suspect/student\>\> interrogar*

b) ( doubt) \<\<integrity/motives\>\> poner* en duda

['kwestʃǝn]
1. N

1) (=query) (also in exam) pregunta f

(are there) any questions? — ¿(hay) alguna pregunta?

• to ask (sb) a question — hacer una pregunta (a algn)

ask yourself this question — hágase esta pregunta

what a question to ask! — ¡vaya preguntita!

there's a reward for the painting's return, no questions asked — se ofrece una recompensa sin preguntas por la devolución del cuadro

ask me no questions and I'll tell you no lies — más vale que no me preguntes

• "why didn't you appoint him a year ago?" - " good question" — -¿por qué no lo nombraste hace un año? -buena pregunta or -eso me pregunto yo

• he posed three questions — hizo or planteó tres preguntas

• to put a question to sb — frm hacer una pregunta a algn

• to put down a question to or for sb — (Parl) formular una pregunta a algn

• to obey orders without question — obedecer órdenes sin rechistar

- the 64,000 dollar question
leading 2., open 1., 10), personal 1., 4), pop I, 3., 2), trick 3.
2) (=matter, issue) cuestión f

the Palestinian question — la cuestión palestina

that is the question — de eso se trata, esa es la cuestión

that is not the question — no se trata de eso, no es cuestión de eso

• at the time in question — a la hora en cuestión

• it is not simply a question of money — no se trata simplemente de dinero, no es una simple cuestión de dinero

• this raises the question of her suitability — esto plantea la cuestión de si es la persona adecuada

• it's only a question of time before he finds out — solo es cuestión de tiempo que se entere
beg 1., 1)
3) (=possibility) posibilidad f

• there is no question of outside help — no hay posibilidad de ayuda externa

there can be no question of your resigning — su dimisión no se puede admitir

• it's out of the question! — ¡imposible!, ¡ni hablar!

an interest rate cut is out of the question — un recorte de los tipos de interés es imposible

4) (=doubt) duda f

there is no question about it — no cabe la menor duda de esto

• as a manager, her ability is beyond question — como directora, su capacidad está fuera de toda duda

• to bring or call sth into question — poner algo en duda

my integrity has been brought or called into question — mi integridad se ha puesto en duda

• to be in question — estar en duda

your professional ability is not in question — no es tu capacidad como profesional lo que se pone en duda

his findings pose questions about the future of these drugs — sus descubrimientos hacen que se planteen preguntas sobre el futuro de estas drogas

• this disaster raises questions about air safety in the region — con el desastre se ha puesto en duda la seguridad aérea en la zona

• the question remains (as to) whether he can be trusted — la duda or la cuestión sigue siendo si se puede confiar en él

the question remains: how did she escape? — la pregunta sigue ahí: ¿cómo escapó?

• there is some question as to whether he will sign — hay or existen ciertas dudas sobre si firmará

• without question — sin duda, indudablemente

5) (at meeting) cuestión f, asunto m

to move the previous question — plantear la cuestión previa

to put the question (to a vote) — someter la moción a votación

2. VT

1) (=interrogate) [+ exam candidate, interviewee] hacer preguntas a; [+ suspect] interrogar; (Parl) [+ minister, secretary] interpelar

you will be questioned on one of three topics — se te harán preguntas sobre uno de tres temas

a suspect is being questioned by police — la policía está interrogando a un sospechoso

they questioned him about his past — le hicieron preguntas or le preguntaron acerca de su pasado

the minister was questioned about his statement to Parliament — se interpeló al ministro sobre su declaración ante el Parlamento

2) (=doubt) [+ honesty, loyalty, motives] dudar de, poner en duda; [+ decision, beliefs] poner en duda, cuestionar

3.

CPD

question mark N — (lit) signo m de interrogación; (fig) interrogante m or f

a big question mark hangs over his future — se plantea un enorme interrogante sobre su futuro

question master N — interrogador m

question tag N — coletilla f interrogativa

question time N — (Brit) (Parl) sesión f de interpelaciones a los ministros

* * *

I ['kwestʃən]
noun

a) c ( inquiry) pregunta f

to ask o put a question — hacer* or (frml) formular una pregunta

to pop the question — (colloq)

he finally popped the question — finalmente le pidió que se casara con él

b) c (in quiz, exam) pregunta f

the 64,000 dollar question — la pregunta del millón

c) c (issue, problem) cuestión f, asunto m, problema m

the person in question — la persona en cuestión

if it's a question of money... — si es cuestión or se trata de dinero...

that is not the question — no se trata de eso

to beg the question — ( pose the question) plantear la pregunta; ( evade the issue) eludir el problema; ( make unjustified assumption)

this begs the question whether we really want to live in this kind of society — esto da por sentado or tiene como premisa que éste es el tipo de sociedad en la que queremos vivir

d) u ( doubt) duda f

beyond question — fuera de duda

to call something into question — poner* algo en duda

there's no question about it — no cabe duda

e) u ( possibility) posibilidad f

there was no question of escaping — no había ninguna posibilidad de escapar

it is completely out of the question — es totalmente imposible

II

transitive verb

a) \<\<person\>\> hacerle* preguntas a; \<\<suspect/student\>\> interrogar*

b) ( doubt) \<\<integrity/motives\>\> poner* en duda

English-spanish dictionary > question
20 train

I trein noun
1) (a railway engine with its carriages and/or trucks: I caught the train to London.) tog

2) (a part of a long dress or robe that trails behind the wearer: The bride wore a dress with a train.) slep

3) (a connected series: Then began a train of events which ended in disaster.) kjede, serie, rekke

4) (a line of animals carrying people or baggage: a mule train; a baggage train.) tog, følge
II trein verb
1) (to prepare, be prepared, or prepare oneself, through instruction, practice, exercise etc, for a sport, job, profession etc: I was trained as a teacher; The race-horse was trained by my uncle.) utdanne (seg), øve opp, trene

2) (to point or aim (a gun, telescope etc) in a particular direction: He trained the gun on/at the soldiers.) rette/sikte mot, stille inn

3) (to make (a tree, plant etc) grow in a particular direction.) binde opp

•

- trained
- trainee
- trainer
- training

karavane
--------
rekke
--------
tog
--------
trene

I
subst. \/treɪn\/

1) ( jernbane) tog, togsett

• we've missed the train

vi rakk ikke toget

2) følge

3) tog, prosesjon, kortesje, opptog

• a long train of camels

4) ( overført) rad, rekke

• a whole train of events

• a whole train of ideas

en hel rekke assosiasjoner

5) kjede, serie, rekke

6) hale, påheng

• a train of admirers

en hale av beundrere

7) ( på kjole) slep

8) ( på fugl) halefjær

9) (militærvesen, historisk) tren

10) (teknikk, også train of gears\/wheels)

hjulverk, (tann)hjulsett

11) ledeild, løpeild

12) ( i Canada) kjelke (for tømmer)

13) ( på komet) hale

be in train være i gang være klar, være rede, være parat

bring in one's train ha i sitt følge føre med seg, medføre

• war brings famine in its train

hungersnød følger i krigens fotspor

get one's affairs into train få orden på sakene sine

go by train reise med tog, ta toget

have something in train holde på med noe

in good train på god vei

in\/on a train på et tog

set in train sette i gang, iverksette

train of artillery ( militærvesen) artilleripark

train of thought tankegang, tankerekke
II
verb \/treɪn\/

1) øve, øve inn, øve opp, trene opp

• train one's memory

øve opp hukommelsen

2) utdanne, lære opp, skolere

• train soldiers in the use of arms

øve soldater i våpenbruk

3) utdanne seg, bli utdannet

• train to become a nurse

utdanne seg til sykepleier

4) ( også train up) oppdra

• train (up) children to be good citizens

5) ( også train up) dressere

• train (up) animals

6) ( om barn eller dyreunge) lære renslighet

7) ( sport) trene

• train to do something

8) ( militærvesen) eksersere (med), drille

9) ( hagebruk) forme, binde opp, espaliere, få til å vokse (i en bestemt retning)

10) (om pistol, kikkert e.l.) stille inn, sikte inn

11) (hverdagslig, også train it) reise med tog, ta toget

12) hale, slepe

13) ( om hest) ri inn

14) ( gammeldags) lokke

train as something eller train to be(come) something utdanne seg til noe

train down slanke seg (ved hjelp av diett og mosjon)

train it ta toget, reise med tog

train off komme ut av trening svinge til siden, dreie av gå ned i vekt (med diett og mosjon)

train with (amer., hverdagslig) vanke sammen med, omgås

English-Norwegian dictionary > train

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bring down disaster on

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